2011.bib

@inproceedings{Huber2011sod,
  author = {Matthias Huber and Christian Henrich and J{"o}rn M{"u}ller-Quade and Carmen Kempka},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de},
  booktitle = {Informatik 2011: Informatik schafft Communities, Beitr{\"a}ge der 41. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V. (GI), 4.-7.10.2011, Berlin (Abstract Proceedings)},
  editor = {Hans-Ulrich Hei{\ss} and Peter Pepper and Holger Schlingloff and J{\"o}rg Schneider},
  isbn = {978-88579-286-4-7},
  publisher = {GI},
  series = {LNI},
  title = {Towards Secure Cloud Computing through a Separation of Duties},
  volume = {192},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/se/HuberM11,
  author = {Matthias Huber and J{\"o}rn M{\"u}ller-Quade},
  booktitle = {Software Engineering 2011: Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, 21.-25. Februar 2011 in Karlsruhe},
  editor = {Ralf Reussner and Matthias Grund and Andreas Oberweis and Walter F. Tichy},
  isbn = {978-3-88579-277-2},
  pages = {159-170},
  publisher = {GI},
  series = {LNI},
  title = {Methods to Secure Services in an Untrusted Environment},
  volume = {183},
  year = {2011}
}
@incollection{springerlink:10.1007/978-0-85729-799-0_20,
  affiliation = {Institute of Cryptography and Security, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany},
  author = {Achenbach, Dirk and Gabel, Matthias and Huber, Matthias},
  booktitle = {Improving Complex Systems Today},
  editor = {Frey, Daniel D. and Fukuda, Shuichi and Rock, Georg},
  isbn = {978-0-85729-799-0},
  keyword = {Engineering},
  note = {10.1007/978-0-85729-799-0_20},
  pages = {175-181},
  publisher = {Springer London},
  series = {Advanced Concurrent Engineering},
  title = {MimoSecco: A Middleware for Secure Cloud Storage},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-799-0_20},
  year = {2011}
}
@incollection{alferez2011a,
  abstract = {The last decade has seen the development of diverse aspect-oriented modeling (AOM) approaches. This paper presents eight different AOM approaches that produce models at different level of abstraction. The approaches are different with respect to the phases of the development lifecycle they target, and the support they provide for model composition and verification. The approaches are illustrated by models of the same concern from a case study to enable comparing of their expressive means. Understanding common elements and differences of approaches clarifies the role of aspect-orientation in the software development process.},
  affiliation = {Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal},
  author = {Mauricio Alf{\'e}rez and Nuno Am{\'a}lio and Selim Ciraci and Franck Fleurey and J{\"o}rg Kienzle and Jacques Klein and Max Kramer and Sebastien Mosser and Gunter Mussbacher and Ella Roubtsova and Gefei Zhang},
  booktitle = {Modelling Foundations and Applications},
  editor = {Robert France and Jochen Kuester and Behzad Bordbar and Richard Paige},
  isbn = {978-3-642-21469-1},
  keyword = {Computer Science},
  pages = {361--376},
  publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  tags = {conference},
  title = {Aspect-Oriented Model Development at Different Levels of Abstraction},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21470-7_25},
  volume = {6698},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{becker2011a,
  author = {Steffen Becker},
  booktitle = {Proc. of the Software Engineering Conference, Young Researches Track (SE 2011)},
  issue = {4},
  series = {Softwaretechnik-Trends},
  title = {{T}owards {S}ystem {V}iewpoints to {S}pecify {A}daptation {M}odels at {R}untime},
  url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/becker2011a.pdf},
  volume = {31},
  year = {2011}
}
@techreport{BvDHR11,
  author = {Steffen Becker AND Markus von Detten AND Christian Heinzemann AND Jan Rieke},
  institution = {Software Engineering Group, Heinz Nixdorf Institute},
  title = {Structuring Complex Story Diagrams by Polymorphic Calls},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{brueseke2011a,
  author = {Frank Br{\"u}seke and Gregor Engels and Steffen Becker},
  booktitle = {Proc. 16th International Workshop on Component Oriented Programming (WCOP'11)},
  editor = {Ralf Reussner and Clemens Szyperski and Wolfgang Weck},
  title = {Palladio-based performance blame analysis},
  year = {2011}
}
@inbook{brosch2011c,
  author = {Brosch, Franz},
  chapter = {Software Performance and Reliability Prediction},
  doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-1614-2_10},
  isbn = {978-1-4614-1614-2},
  pages = {153-164},
  publisher = {{Springer New York}},
  title = {Service Level Agreements for Cloud Computing},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{brosch2011a,
  abstract = {Software fault tolerance mechanisms aim at improving the reliability of software systems. Their effectiveness (i.e., reliability impact) is highly application-specific and depends on the overall system architecture and usage profile. When examining multiple architecture configurations, such as in software product lines, it is a complex and error-prone task to include fault tolerance mechanisms effectively. Existing approaches for reliability analysis of software architectures either do not support modelling fault tolerance mechanisms or are not designed for an efficient evaluation of multiple architecture variants. We present a novel approach to analyse the effect of software fault tolerance mechanisms in varying architecture configurations. We have validated the approach in multiple case studies, including a large-scale industrial system, demonstrating its ability to support architecture design, and its robustness against imprecise input data.},
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  author = {Franz Brosch and Barbora Buhnova and Heiko Koziolek and Ralf Reussner},
  booktitle = {International ACM Sigsoft Conference on the Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA)},
  pages = {75--84},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/brosch2011a.pdf},
  publisher = {ACM},
  title = {{Reliability Prediction for Fault-Tolerant Software Architectures}},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{Br2011-SEDoktoranden-Symposium,
  abstract = {{Today's enterprise systems based on increasingly complex software architectures often exhibit poor performance and resource efficiency thus having high operating costs. This is due to the inability to predict at run-time the effect of changes in the system environment and adapt the system accordingly. We propose a new performance modeling approach that allows the prediction of performance and system resource utilization online during system operation. We use architecture-level performance models that capture the performance-relevant information of the software architecture, deployment, execution environment and workload. The models will be automatically maintained during operation. To derive performance predictions, we propose a tailorable model solving approach to provide flexibility in view of prediction accuracy and analysis overhead.}},
  address = {Bonn, Germany},
  author = {Fabian Brosig},
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de},
  booktitle = {Software Engineering (Workshops) - Doctoral Symposium, February 21--25, 2011},
  editor = {Ralf Reussner and Alexander Pretschner and Stefan J{\"a}hnichen},
  ee = {http://subs.emis.de/LNI/Proceedings/Proceedings184/article6310.html},
  month = {February},
  pages = {279--284},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/descartes-pdfs/Br2011-SE-Symposium.pdf},
  publisher = {GI},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)},
  title = {Online Performance Prediction with Architecture-Level Performance Models},
  volume = {184},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{BrHuKo2011-ASE-AutomExtraction,
  abstract = {Modern service-oriented enterprise systems have increasingly complex and dynamic loosely-coupled architectures that often exhibit poor performance and resource efficiency and have high operating costs. This is due to the inability to predict at run-time the effect of dynamic changes in the system environment and adapt the system configuration accordingly. Architecture-level performance models provide a powerful tool for performance prediction, however, current approaches to modeling the execution context of software components are not suitable for use at run-time. In this paper, we analyze the typical online performance prediction scenarios and propose a novel performance meta-model for expressing and resolving parameter and context dependencies, specifically designed for use in online scenarios. We motivate and validate our approach in the context of a realistic and representative online performance prediction scenario based on the SPECjEnterprise2010 standard benchmark.},
  address = {Oread, Lawrence, Kansas},
  author = {Fabian Brosig and Nikolaus Huber and Samuel Kounev},
  booktitle = {26th IEEE/ACM International Conference On Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2011)},
  month = {November},
  note = {Acceptance Rate (Full Paper): 14.7\% (37/252)},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/descartes-pdfs/BrHuKo2011-ASE-AutomExtraction.pdf},
  title = {{A}utomated {E}xtraction of {A}rchitecture-{L}evel {P}erformance {M}odels of {D}istributed {C}omponent-{B}ased {S}ystems},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{burger2011a,
  abstract = {Non-functional properties of software should be specified early in the development process. In a distributed process of software development, this means that quality requirements must be made explicit in the specification, and the developing party of a commissioned component needs to deliver not only the implemented component, but also a description of its non-functional properties. Based on these artefacts, a conformance check guarantees that the implemented component fulfills the performance requirements. We extend the notion of model refinement to non-functional properties of software and propose a refinement calculus for conformance checking between abstract performance descriptions of components. The calculus is based on a refinement notion that covers the performance-relevant aspects of components. The approach is applied to the Palladio Component Model as a description language for performance properties of components.},
  acmid = {2077629},
  author = {Erik Burger and Ralf Reussner},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Formal Engineering approaches to Software Components and Architectures (FESCA)},
  editors = {Barbora Zimmerova and Jens Happe},
  issn = {1571-0661},
  issue = {2},
  month = {December},
  numpages = {9},
  pages = {33--41},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.},
  series = {Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science},
  slides = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/burger2011a_slides.pdf},
  title = {{Performance Certification of Software Components}},
  url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/burger2011a.pdf},
  volume = {279},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{Westermann2011b,
  author = {Dennis, Westermann and Rouven, Krebs and Jens, Happe},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Computer Performance Engineering - 8th European Performance Engineering Workshop (EPEW 2011)},
  day = {12--13},
  location = {Borrowdale, UK},
  month = {October},
  pages = {325-339},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/Westermann2011b.pdf},
  publisher = {Springer},
  title = {{E}fficient {E}xperiment {S}election in {A}utomated {S}oftware {P}erformance {E}valuations},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{vDB11,
  author = {Markus von Detten AND Steffen Becker},
  booktitle = {7th ACM SIGSOFT International Conference on the Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA 2011)},
  month = {June},
  day = {20-24},
  title = {Combining Clustering and Pattern Detection for the Reengineering of Component-based Software Systems},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{durdik2011a,
  author = {Zoya Durdik},
  booktitle = {{Proceedings of Software Engineering 2011 (SE2011), Doktoranden-Symposium}},
  timestamp = {2011.02.14},
  title = {{A Proposal on Validation of an Agile Architecture-Modelling Process}},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{durdik2011b,
  address = {Boulder, Colorado, USA},
  author = {Zoya Durdik},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International ACM Sigsoft Conference on the Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA 2011)},
  month = {June},
  title = {Towards a Process for Architectural Modelling in Agile Software Development},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{durdik2011c,
  address = {Szeged, Hungary},
  author = {Zoya Durdik},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering 2011 (ESEC/FSE 2011), Doctoral Symposium},
  month = {September},
  title = {An architecture-centric approach for goal-driven requirements elicitation},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{durdik2011d,
  address = {Lugano, Switzerland},
  author = {Zoya Durdik and Jens Drawehn and Matthias Herbert},
  booktitle = {5th International Workshop on Web APIs and Service Mashups @ ECOWS 2011},
  month = {September},
  title = {Towards Automated Service Quality Prediction for Development of Enterprise Mashups},
  year = {2011}
}
@mastersthesis{Fa2011-KIT-SPAusingML,
  address = {Karlsruhe, Germany},
  author = {Michael Faber},
  month = {March},
  school = {Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)},
  title = {{Software Performance Analysis using Machine Learning Techniques}},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{gouvea2011a,
  acmid = {1958757},
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  author = {Daniel Dominguez Gouv\^ea and Cyro Muniz and Gilson Pinto and Alberto Avritzer and Rosa Maria Meri {Le\~{a}o} and Edmundo de Souza e Silva and Morganna Carmem Diniz and Luca Berardinelli and Julius C. B. Leite and Daniel {Moss\'e} and Yuanfang Cai and Mike Dalton and Lucia Kapova and Anne Koziolek},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the second joint WOSP/SIPEW international conference on Performance engineering (ICPE 2011)},
  doi = {10.1145/1958746.1958757},
  editor = {Samuel Kounev and Vittorio Cortellessa and Raffaela Mirandola and David J. Lilja},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-0519-8},
  location = {Karlsruhe, Germany},
  numpages = {12},
  pages = {43--54},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/gouvea2011a.pdf},
  publisher = {ACM},
  title = {Experience Building Non-Functional Requirement Models of a Complex Industrial Architecture},
  url = {http://icpe2011.ipd.kit.edu/call_for_papers/industrialexperience_track/},
  year = {2011}
}
@incollection{groenda2011,
  abstract = {Assessing providable service levels based on model-driven prediction approaches requires valid service behavior specifications. Such specifications must be suitable for the requested usage profile and available hardware to make correct predictions and decisions on providable service levels. Assessing the precision of given parameterized performance specifications is often done manually in an ad-hoc way based on the experience of the performance engineer. In this paper, we show how the accuracy of a specification can be assessed and stated and how validation settings of model-based testing can ease precision assessments. The applicability of the approach is shown on a case study. We demonstrate how our approach allows accuracy statements and can be used in combination with usage profile and platform independent performance validations, as well as point out how accuracy assessments are eased.},
  affiliation = {FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Haid-und-Neu-Stra{\ss}e 10-14, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany},
  author = {Groenda, Henning},
  booktitle = {Models in Software Engineering},
  editor = {Dingel, Juergen and Solberg, Arnor},
  note = {10.1007/978-3-642-21210-9{\_}36},
  pages = {369-383},
  publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  timestamp = {2011.07.12},
  title = {{An Accuracy Information Annotation Model for Validated Service Behavior Specifications}},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21210-9_36},
  volume = {6627},
  year = {2011}
}
@article{happe2011a,
  author = {Happe, Jens and Koziolek, Heiko and Reussner, Ralf},
  doi = {10.1109/MS.2011.25},
  issn = {0740-7459},
  journal = {Software, IEEE},
  keywords = {MediaStore system;component-based software engineering;compositional reasoning;software components;software performance;software engineering;},
  month = {June},
  number = {3},
  pages = {27 -33},
  title = {Facilitating Performance Predictions Using Software Components},
  volume = {28},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{hauck2011a,
  author = {Michael Hauck and Jens Happe and Ralf Reussner},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science (CLOSER 2011)},
  http = {http://closer.scitevents.org/},
  isbn = {978-989-8425-52-2},
  pages = {616--622},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/hauck2011a.pdf},
  publisher = {SciTePress},
  title = {{T}owards {P}erformance {P}rediction for {C}loud {C}omputing {E}nvironments {B}ased on {G}oal-oriented {M}easurements},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{hauck2011b,
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  author = {Michael Hauck and Michael Kuperberg and Nikolaus Huber and Ralf Reussner},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGSOFT International Conference on the Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA 2011)},
  day = {20--24},
  doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2000259.2000269},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-0724-6},
  month = {June},
  numpages = {10},
  pages = {53--62},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/hauck2011b.pdf},
  publisher = {ACM},
  title = {{Ginpex: Deriving Performance-relevant Infrastructure Properties Through Goal-oriented Experiments}},
  url = {10.1145/2000259.2000269},
  year = {2011}
}
@mastersthesis{Herbst2011a,
  abstract = {{Elasticity is the ability of a software system to dynamically adapt the amount of the resources it provides to clients as their workloads increase or decrease. In the context of cloud computing, automated resizing of a virtual machine's resources can be considered as a key step towards optimisation of a system's cost and energy efficiency. Existing work on cloud computing is limited to the technical view of implementing elastic systems, and definitions of scalability have not been extended to cover elasticity. This study thesis presents a detailed discussion of elasticity, proposes metrics as well as measurement techniques, and outlines next steps for enabling comparisons between cloud computing offerings on the basis of elasticity. I discuss results of our work on measuring elasticity of thread pools provided by the Java virtual machine, as well as an experiment setup for elastic CPU time slice resizing in a virtualized environment. An experiment setup is presented as future work for dynamically adding and removing z/VM Linux virtual machine instances to a performance relevant group of virtualized servers.}},
  address = {Am Fasanengarten 5, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany},
  author = {Nikolas Roman Herbst},
  keywords = {Cloud, Resource Elasticity},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/Herbst2011a.pdf},
  school = {{Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)}},
  title = {{Quantifying the Impact of Configuration Space for Elasticity Benchmarking}},
  type = {{Study Thesis}},
  year = {2011}
}
@mastersthesis{hinkel2011,
  author = {Georg Hinkel},
  month = {September},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/hinkel2011.pdf},
  school = {{Karlsruhe Institute of Technology}},
  title = {Metrics for comparing response time distributions},
  type = {Bachelor Thesis},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{HuBrKo2011-SEAMS-ResAlloc,
  abstract = {The adoption of virtualization and Cloud Computing technologies promises a number of benefits such as increased flexibility, better energy efficiency and lower operating costs for IT systems. However, highly variable workloads make it challenging to provide quality-of-service guarantees while at the same time ensuring efficient resource utilization. To avoid violations of service-level agreements (SLAs) or inefficient resource usage, resource allocations have to be adapted continuously during operation to reflect changes in application workloads. In this paper, we present a novel approach to self-adaptive resource allocation in virtualized environments based on online architecture-level performance models. We present a detailed case study of a representative enterprise application, the new SPECjEnterprise2010 benchmark, deployed in a virtualized cluster environment. The case study serves as a proof-of-concept demonstrating the effectiveness and practical applicability of our approach.},
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  author = {Nikolaus Huber and Fabian Brosig and Samuel Kounev},
  booktitle = {6th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS 2011)},
  day = {23--24},
  doi = {10.1145/1988008.1988021},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-0575-4},
  location = {Waikiki, Honolulu, HI, USA},
  month = {May},
  note = {Acceptance Rate (Full Paper): 27\% (21/76)},
  pages = {90--99},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/descartes-pdfs/HuBrKo2011-SEAMS-ResAlloc.pdf},
  publisher = {ACM},
  title = {{Model-based Self-Adaptive Resource Allocation in Virtualized Environments}},
  url = {http://dl.acm.org/authorize?425581},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{HuQuHaKo2011-CLOSER-ModelVirtOverhead,
  abstract = {Due to trends like Cloud Computing and Green IT, virtualization technologies are gaining increasing importance. They promise energy and cost savings by sharing physical resources, thus making resource usage more efficient. However, resource sharing and other factors have direct effects on system performance, which are not yet well-understood. Hence, performance prediction and performance management of services deployed in virtualized environments like public and private Clouds is a challenging task. Because of the large variety of virtualization solutions, a generic approach to predict the performance overhead of services running on virtualization platforms is highly desirable. In this paper, we present experimental results on two popular state-of-the-art virtualization platforms, Citrix XenServer 5.5 and VMware ESX 4.0, as representatives of the two major hypervisor architectures. Based on these results, we propose a basic, generic performance prediction model for the two different types of hypervisor architectures. The target is to predict the performance overhead for executing services on virtualized platforms.},
  author = {Nikolaus Huber and Marcel von Quast and Michael Hauck and Samuel Kounev},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science (CLOSER 2011)},
  day = {7--9},
  http = {http://closer.scitevents.org/},
  isbn = {978-989-8425-52-2},
  location = {Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands},
  month = {May},
  note = {Acceptance Rate: 18/164 = 10.9\%, Best Paper Award},
  pages = {563 -- 573},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/descartes-pdfs/HuQuHaKo2011-CLOSER-ModelVirtOverhead.pdf},
  publisher = {SciTePress},
  title = {{E}valuating and {M}odeling {V}irtualization {P}erformance {O}verhead for {C}loud {E}nvironments},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{kapova2011a,
  author = {Lucia Kapova},
  booktitle = {ICPE'11: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering},
  title = {{Reusable QoS Specifications for Systematic Component-based Design}},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{klatt2011a,
  abstract = {With the introduction of services, software systems have become more flexible as new services can easily be composed from existing ones. Service composition frameworks offer corresponding functionality and hide the complexity of the underlying technologies from their users. However, possibilities for anticipating quality properties of com- posed services before their actual operation are limited so far. While existing approaches for model-based software quality prediction can be used by service composers for determining realizable Quality of Service (QoS) levels, integration of such techniques into composition frameworks is still missing. As a result, high effort and expert knowledge is required to build the system models required for prediction. In this paper, we present a novel service composition process that includes QoS prediction for composed services as an integral part. Furthermore, we describe how composition frameworks can be extended to support this process. With our approach, systematic consideration of service quality during the composition process is naturally achieved, without the need for de- tailed knowledge about the underlying prediction models. To evaluate our work and validate its applicability in different domains, we have integrated QoS prediction support according to our process in two com- position frameworks -- a large-scale SLA management framework and a service mashup platform.},
  author = {Benjamin Klatt and Franz Brosch and Zoya Durdik and Christoph Rathfelder},
  booktitle = {5th Workshop on Non-Functional Properties and SLA Management in Service-Oriented Computing (NFPSLAM-SOC 2011)},
  day = {5--8},
  location = {Paphos, Cyprus},
  month = {December},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/klatt2011a.pdf},
  title = {{Quality Prediction in Service Composition Frameworks}},
  year = {2011}
}
@article{KlKr2011-STT-SPLToolSupport,
  abstract = {Software vendors often need to vary their products to satisfy customer-specific requirements. In many cases, existing code is reused and adapted to the new project needs. This copy&paste course of action leads a multiproduct code-base that is hard to maintain. Software Product Lines (SPL) emerged as an appropriate concept to manage product families with common functionality and code bases. Evolutionary SPLs, with a product-first-approach and an exposed product line, provide advantages such as a reduced time-to-market and SPLs based on evaluated and proven products.},
  address = {Bad-Honnef, Germany},
  author = {Benjamin Klatt and Klaus Krogmann},
  journal = {{Softwaretechnik-Trends}},
  month = {May},
  number = {2},
  pages = {38--39},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/KlKr2011-WSR-SPLToolSupport.pdf},
  publisher = {K{\"o}llen Druck & Verlag GmbH},
  title = {{Towards Tool-Support for Evolutionary Software Product Line Development}},
  volume = {31},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{KlKr2011-WSR-SPLToolSupport,
  address = {Bad-Honnef, Germany},
  author = {Benjamin Klatt and Klaus Krogmann},
  booktitle = {13th Workshop Software-Reengineering (WSR 2011)},
  month = {May},
  day = {2--4},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/KlKr2011-WSR-SPLToolSupport.pdf},
  title = {{Towards Tool-Support for Evolutionary Software Product Line Development}},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{KlRaKo2011-QoSA-PCMEvents,
  abstract = {Today, software engineering is challenged to handle more and more large-scale distributed systems with guaranteed quality-of-service. Component-based architectures have been established to build such systems in a more structured and manageable way. Modern architectures often utilize event-based communication which enables loosely-coupled interactions between components and leads to improved system scalability. However, the loose coupling of components makes it challenging to model such architectures in order to predict their quality properties, e.g., performance and reliability, at system design time. In this paper, we present an extension of the Palladio Component Model (PCM) and the Palladio software quality prediction framework, enabling the modeling of event-based communication in component-based architectures. The contributions include: i) a meta-model extension supporting events as first class entities, ii) a model-to-model transformation from the extended to the original PCM, iii) an integration of the transformation into the Palladio tool chain allowing to use existing model solution techniques, and iv) a detailed evaluation of the reduction of the modeling effort enabled by the transformation in the context of a real-world case study.},
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  author = {Klatt, Benjamin and Rathfelder, Christoph and Kounev, Samuel},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the joint ACM SIGSOFT conference -- QoSA and ACM SIGSOFT symposium -- ISARCS on Quality of software architectures -- QoSA and architecting critical systems -- ISARCS (QoSA-ISARCS 2011)},
  day = {20--24},
  doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2000259.2000268},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-0724-6},
  keywords = {component-based architectures, event-based communication, performance prediction},
  location = {Boulder, Colorado, USA},
  month = {June},
  numpages = {10},
  organization = {SIGSOFT},
  pages = {43--52},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/KlRaKo2011-QoSA-PCMEvents.pdf},
  publisher = {ACM},
  title = {Integration of event-based communication in the palladio software quality prediction framework},
  url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2000259.2000268},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{Ko2011-BMSD-PerfEngOfBis,
  author = {Samuel Kounev},
  booktitle = {International Symposium on Business Modeling and Software Design (BMSD 2011), Sofia, Bulgaria, July 27--28, 2011},
  isbn = {978-989-8425-68-3},
  month = {July},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/descartes-pdfs/Ko2011-BMSD-EvSPE.pdf},
  title = {{Performance Engineering of Business Information Systems - Filling the Gap between High-level Business Services and Low-level Performance Models}},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{Ko2011-EPEW-ResearchChallenges,
  author = {Samuel Kounev},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th European Performance Engineering Workshop (EPEW'11), Borrowdale, The English Lake District, October 12--13},
  note = {(Keynote Talk)},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/descartes-pdfs/Ko2011-EPEW-Keynote.pdf},
  title = {{Engineering of Self-Aware IT Systems and Services: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges}},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{Ko2011-SE-DescartesResearch,
  address = {Karlsruhe, Germany},
  author = {Samuel Kounev},
  booktitle = {{GI Softwaretechnik-Trends, 31(4), November 2011, ISSN 0720-8928}},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/descartes-pdfs/Ko2011-SE-DescartesResearch.pdf},
  title = {{Self-Aware Software and Systems Engineering: A Vision and Research Roadmap}},
  url = {http://pi.informatik.uni-siegen.de/stt/31_4/index.html},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{KoBeBrHuOk2011-SIMUTools-DataFabrics,
  abstract = {Enterprise data fabrics are gaining increasing attention in many industry domains including financial services, telecommunications, transportation and health care. Providing a distributed, operational data platform sitting between application infrastructures and back-end data sources, enterprise data fabrics are designed for high performance and scalability. However, given the dynamics of modern applications, system sizing and capacity planning need to be done continuously during operation to ensure adequate quality-of-service and efficient resource utilization. While most products are shipped with performance monitoring and analysis tools, such tools are typically focused on low-level profiling and they lack support for performance prediction and capacity planning. In this paper, we present a novel case study of a representative enterprise data fabric, the GemFire EDF, presenting a simulation-based tool that we have developed for automated performance prediction and capacity planning. The tool, called Jewel, automates resource demand estimation, performance model generation, performance model analysis and results processing. We present an experimental evaluation of the tool demonstrating its effctiveness and practical applicability.},
  address = {Brussels, Belgium, Belgium},
  author = {Samuel Kounev and Konstantin Bender and Fabian Brosig and Nikolaus Huber and Russell Okamoto},
  booktitle = {4th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques},
  day = {21--25},
  isbn = {978-1-936968-00-8},
  location = {Barcelona, Spain},
  month = {March},
  note = {Acceptance Rate (Full Paper): 29.8\% (23/77), ICST Best Paper Award},
  pages = {27--36},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/descartes-pdfs/KoBeBrHuOk2011-ICST-DataFabrics.pdf},
  publisher = {ICST},
  slides = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/descartes-pdfs/KoBeBrHuOk2011-ICST-DataFabrics_Slides.pdf},
  title = {{Automated Simulation-Based Capacity Planning for Enterprise Data Fabrics}},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{KoBrHu2011-ICAC-QoSManagement,
  abstract = {We present an overview of our work-in-progress and long-term research agenda aiming to develop a novel methodology for engineering of self-aware software systems. The latter will have built-in architecture-level QoS models enhanced to capture dynamic aspects of the system environment and maintained automatically during operation. The models will be exploited at run-time to adapt the system to changes in the environment ensuring that resources are utilized efficiently and QoS requirements are satisfied.},
  author = {Samuel Kounev and Fabian Brosig and Nikolaus Huber},
  booktitle = {8th International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC 2011)},
  day = {14--18},
  location = {Karlsruhe, Germany},
  month = {June},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/descartes-pdfs/KoBrHu2011-ICAC-QoSManagement.pdf},
  title = {{Self-Aware QoS Management in Virtualized Infrastructures (Poster Paper)}},
  year = {2011}
}
@manual{KoSp2011-QPME20-UserGuide,
  address = {Am Fasanengarten 5, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany},
  author = {Samuel Kounev and Simon Spinner},
  month = {May},
  organization = {Karlsruhe Institute of Technology},
  pdf = {http://descartes.ipd.kit.edu/fileadmin/user_upload/descartes/QPME/QPME-UsersGuide.pdf},
  title = {{QPME 2.0 User's Guide}},
  url = {http://descartes.ipd.kit.edu/projects/qpme/},
  year = {2011}
}
@article{koziolek2011quality,
  author = {Koziolek, Heiko and Becker, Steffen and Happe, Jens and Pettersson, Paul},
  journal = {Models in Software Engineering},
  pages = {364--368},
  publisher = {Springer},
  title = {Quality of service-oriented software systems {(QUASOSS 2010)}},
  year = {2011}
}
@phdthesis{koziolek2011g,
  address = {Karlsruhe, Germany},
  author = {Anne Koziolek},
  month = {July},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/koziolek2011g.pdf},
  school = {Institut f\"ur Programmstrukturen und Datenorganisation (IPD), Karlsruher Institut f\"ur Technologie},
  title = {Automated Improvement of Software Architecture Models for Performance and Other Quality Attributes},
  url = {http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000024955},
  urn = {urn:nbn:de:swb:90-249552},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{koziolek2011f,
  abstract = {Designing software architectures that exhibit a good trade-off between multiple quality attributes is hard. Even with a given functional design, many degrees of freedom in the software architecture (e.g. component deployment or server configuration) span a large design space. In current practice, software architects try to find good solutions manually, which is time-consuming, can be error-prone and can lead to suboptimal designs. We propose an automated approach guided by architectural tactics to search the design space for good solutions. Our approach applies multi-objective evolutionary optimization to software architectures modelled with the Palladio Component Model. Software architects can then make well-informed trade-off decisions and choose the best architecture for their situation. To validate our approach, we applied it to the architecture models of two systems, a business reporting system and an industrial control system from ABB. The approach was able to find meaningful trade-offs leading to significant performance improvements or costs savings. The novel use of tactics decreased the time needed to find good solutions by up to 80\%.},
  acmid = {2000267},
  author = {Koziolek, Anne and Koziolek, Heiko and Reussner, Ralf},
  booktitle = {Joint proceedings of the Seventh International ACM SIGSOFT Conference on the Quality of Software Architectures and the 2nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Architecting Critical Systems (QoSA-ISARCS 2011)},
  doi = {10.1145/2000259.2000267},
  editor = {Ivica Crnkovic and Judith A. Stafford and Dorina C. Petriu and Jens Happe and Paola Inverardi},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-0724-6},
  keywords = {architectural tactics, costs, multi-objective optimization, optimization, performance, reliability, software architecture},
  location = {Boulder, Colorado, USA},
  numpages = {10},
  pages = {33--42},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/koziolek2011f.pdf},
  publisher = {ACM, New York, NY, USA},
  title = {{PerOpteryx}: automated application of tactics in multi-objective software architecture optimization},
  url = {http://qosa.ipd.kit.edu/qosa_2011/},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{koziolek2011b,
  abstract = {Quantitative prediction of non-functional properties, such as performance, reliability, and costs, of software architectures supports systematic software engineering. Even though there usually is a rough idea on bounds for quality of service, the exact required values may be unclear and subject to trade-offs. Designing architectures that exhibit such good trade-off between multiple quality attributes is hard. Even with a given functional design, many degrees of freedom in the software architecture (e.g. component deployment or server configuration) span a large design space. Automated approaches search the design space with multi-objective metaheuristics such as evolutionary algorithms. However, as quality prediction for a single architecture is computationally expensive, these approaches are time consuming. In this work, we enhance an automated improvement approach to take into account bounds for quality of service in order to focus the search on interesting regions of the objective space, while still allowing trade-offs after the search. We compare two different constraint handling techniques to consider the bounds. To validate our approach, we applied both techniques to an architecture model of a component-based business information system. We compared both techniques to an unbounded search in 4 scenarios. Every scenario was examined with 10 optimization runs, each investigating around 1600 architectural candidates. The results indicate that the integration of quality of service bounds during the optimization process can improve the quality of the solutions found, however, the effect depends on the scenario, i.e. the problem and the quality requirements. The best results were achieved for costs requirements: The approach was able to decrease the time needed to find good solutions in the interesting regions of the objective space by 25\% on average.},
  author = {Anne Koziolek and Qais Noorshams and Ralf Reussner},
  booktitle = {{Models in Software Engineering, Workshops and Symposia at MODELS 2010, Oslo, Norway, October 3-8, 2010, Reports and Revised Selected Papers}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-21210-9_37},
  editor = {J. Dingel and A. Solberg},
  pages = {384--399},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/koziolek2011b.pdf},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  title = {Focussing Multi-objective Software Architecture Optimization Using Quality of Service Bounds},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21210-9},
  volume = {6627},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{koziolek2011d,
  abstract = {Designing component-based systems (CBS) that exhibit a good trade-off between multiple quality criteria is hard. Even after functional design, many remaining degrees of freedom of different types (e.g.\ component allocation, component selection, server configuration) in the CBS span a large, discontinuous design space. Automated approaches have been proposed to optimise CBS models, but they only consider a limited set of degrees of freedom, e.g.\ they only optimise the selection of components without considering the allocation, or vice versa. We propose a flexible and extensible formulation of the design space for optimising any CBS model for a number of quality properties and an arbitrary number of degrees of freedom. With this design space formulation, a generic quality optimisation framework that is independent of the used CBS metamodel can apply multi-objective metaheuristic optimisation such as evolutionary algorithms.},
  acmid = {2000244},
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  author = {Koziolek, Anne and Reussner, Ralf},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th international ACM Sigsoft symposium on Component based software engineering},
  doi = {10.1145/2000229.2000244},
  editor = {Ivica Crnkovic and Judith A. Stafford and Antonia Bertolino and Kendra M. L. Cooper},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-0723-9},
  keywords = {component-based, optimisation, quality},
  location = {Boulder, Colorado, USA},
  month = {June},
  numpages = {6},
  pages = {103--108},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/koziolek2011d.pdf},
  publisher = {ACM, New York, NY, USA},
  series = {CBSE '11},
  title = {Towards a generic quality optimisation framework for component-based system models},
  url = {http://cbse-conferences.org/2011},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{koziolek2011a,
  abstract = {Systematic decision support for architectural design decisions is a major concern for software architects of evolving service-oriented systems. In practice, architects often analyse the expected performance and reliability of design alternatives based on prototypes or former experience. Modeldriven prediction methods claim to uncover the tradeoffs between different alternatives quantitatively while being more cost-effective and less error-prone. However, they often suffer from weak tool support and focus on single quality attributes. Furthermore, there is limited evidence on their effectiveness based on documented industrial case studies. Thus, we have applied a novel, model-driven prediction method called Q-ImPrESS on a large-scale process control system consisting of several million lines of code from the automation domain to evaluate its evolution scenarios. This paper reports our experiences with the method and lessons learned. Benefits of Q-ImPrESS are the good architectural decision support and comprehensive tool framework, while one drawback is the time-consuming data collection.},
  acmid = {1985902},
  author = {Heiko Koziolek and Bastian Schlich and Carlos Bilich and Roland Weiss and Steffen Becker and Klaus Krogmann and Mircea Trifu and Raffaela Mirandola and Anne Koziolek},
  booktitle = {Proceeding of the 33rd international conference on Software engineering (ICSE 2011), Software Engineering in Practice Track},
  doi = {10.1145/1985793.1985902},
  editor = {Richard N. Taylor and Harald Gall and Nenad Medvidovic},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-0445-0},
  keywords = {case study, dtmc, industrial software, lqn, palladio, performance prediction, reliability prediction, reverse engineering, service-oriented software, trade-off analysis},
  location = {Waikiki, Honolulu, HI, USA},
  note = {Acceptance Rate: 18\% (18/100)},
  numpages = {10},
  pages = {776--785},
  publisher = {ACM, New York, NY, USA},
  title = {An Industrial Case Study on Quality Impact Prediction for Evolving Service-Oriented Software},
  url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1985793.1985902},
  year = {2011},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/koziolek2011a.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{koziolek2011c,
  abstract = {Long-living software systems are sustainable if they can be cost-effectively maintained and evolved over their complete life-cycle. Software-intensive systems in the industrial automation domain are typically long-living and cause high evolution costs, because of new customer requirements, technology changes, and failure reports. Many methods for sustainable software development have been proposed in the scientific literature, but most of them are not applied in industrial practice. We identified typical evolution scenarios in the industrial automation domain and conducted an extensive literature search to extract a number of guidelines for sustainable software development based on the methods found in literature. For validation purposes, we map one evolution scenario to these guidelines in this paper.},
  author = {Heiko Koziolek and Roland Weiss and Zoya Durdik and Johannes Stammel and Klaus Krogmann},
  booktitle = {{Proceedings of Software Engineering (Workshops), 3rd Workshop of GI Working Group Long-living Software Systems (L2S2), Design for Future}},
  isbn = {978-3-88579-278-9},
  pages = {47--58},
  pdf = {http://www.koziolek.de/docs/Koziolek2011-DFF-preprint.pdf},
  publisher = {GI},
  series = {LNI},
  title = {{Towards Software Sustainability Guidelines for Long-living Industrial Systems}},
  volume = {184},
  year = {2011}
}
@incollection{kramer2011a,
  abstract = {When aspect-oriented modeling techniques are used in the context of Model-Driven Engineering, a possible way of obtaining an executable from an aspect-oriented model is to map it to code written in an aspect-oriented programming language. This paper outlines the most important challenges that arise when defining such a mapping: mapping structure and behavior of a single aspect, mapping instantiation of structure and behavior in target models, mapping conflict resolution between aspects, and mapping aspect dependencies and variability. To explain these mapping issues, our paper presents details on how to map Reusable Aspect Models (RAM) to AspectJ source code. The ideas are illustrated by presenting example models and corresponding mapped code from the AspectOptima case study.},
  affiliation = {Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany},
  author = {Max E. Kramer and J{\"o}rg Kienzle},
  booktitle = {Models in Software Engineering},
  editor = {Juergen Dingel and Arnor Solberg},
  isbn = {978-3-642-21209-3},
  keyword = {Computer Science},
  pages = {125--139},
  publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
  series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  tags = {workshop},
  title = {Mapping Aspect-Oriented Models to Aspect-Oriented Code},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21210-9_12},
  volume = {6627},
  year = {2011}
}
@techreport{KuHeKiRe2011-ResourceElasticity,
  abstract = {{Elasticity is the ability of a software system to dynamically scale the amount of the resources it provides to clients as their workloads increase or decrease. Elasticity is praised as a key advantage of cloud computing, where computing resources are dynamically added and released. However, there exists no concise or formal definition of elasticity, and thus no approaches to quantify it have been developed so far. Existing work on cloud computing is limited to the technical view of implementing elastic systems, and definitions or scalability have not been extended to cover elasticity. In this report, we present a detailed discussion of elasticity, propose techniques for quantifying and measuring it, and outline next steps to be taken for enabling comparisons between cloud computing offerings on the basis of elasticity. We also present preliminary work on measuring elasticity of resource pools provided by the Java Virtual Machine.}},
  address = {Am Fasanengarten 5, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany},
  author = {Michael Kuperberg and Nikolas Roman Herbst and Joakim Gunnarson von Kistowski and Ralf Reussner},
  institution = {Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)},
  issn = {2190-4782},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/KuHeKiRe2011-ResourceElasticity.pdf},
  series = {Karlsruhe Reports in Informatics},
  title = {{Defining and Quantifying Elasticity of Resources in Cloud Computing and Scalable Platforms}},
  url = {http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000023476},
  volume = {16},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{kuperberg2011a,
  abstract = {Performance measurements are often concerned with accurate recording of timing values, which requires timer methods of high quality. Evaluating the quality of a given timer method or performance counter involves analysing several properties, such as accuracy, invocation cost and timer stability. These properties are metrics with platform-dependent values, and ranking and selecting timer methods requires comparisons using multidimensional metric sets, which make the comparisons ambiguous and unnecessary complex. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new unified metric that allows for a simpler comparison. The one-dimensional metric is designed to capture fine-granular differences between timer methods, and normalises accuracy and other quality attributes by using CPU cycles instead of time units. The proposed metric is evaluated on all timer methods provided by Java and .NET platform APIs.},
  author = {Michael Kuperberg and Martin Krogmann and Ralf Reussner},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/kuperberg2011a.pdf},
  title = {{Metric-based Selection of Timer Methods for Accurate Measurements}},
  year = {2011},
  series = {ICPE '11},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-0519-8},
  location = {Karlsruhe, Germany},
  pages = {151--156},
  numpages = {6},
  url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1958746.1958770},
  doi = {10.1145/1958746.1958770},
  publisher = {ACM},
  address = {New York, NY, USA}
}
@inproceedings{kuperberg2011b,
  abstract = {Performance evaluation requires accurate and dependable measurements of timing values. Such measurements are usually made using timer methods, but these methods are often too coarse-grained and too inaccurate. Thus, direct usage of hardware performance counters is frequently used for fine-granular measurements due to higher accuracy. However, direct access to these counters may be misleading on multicore computers because cores can be paused or core affinity changed by the operating system, resulting in misleading counter values. The contribution of this paper is the demonstration of an additional, significant flaw arising from the direct use of hardware performance counters. We demonstrate that using JNI and assembler instructions to access the Timestamp Counter from Java applications can result in grossly wrong values, even in single-threaded scenarios.},
  author = {Michael Kuperberg and Ralf Reussner},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering 2011 (ICPE'11), March 14--16, 2011, Karlsruhe, Germany},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/kuperberg2011b.pdf},
  title = {{Analysing the Fidelity of Measurements Performed With Hardware Performance Counters}},
  year = {2011}
}
@article{martens2010c,
  abstract = {Background: Model-based performance evaluation methods for software architectures can help architects to assess design alternatives and save costs for late life-cycle performance fixes. A recent trend is component-based performance modelling, which aims at creating reusable performance models; a number of such methods have been proposed during the last decade. Their accuracy and the needed effort for modelling are heavily influenced by human factors, which are so far hardly understood empirically. 

Objective: Do component-based methods allow to make performance predictions with a comparable accuracy while saving effort in a reuse scenario? We examined three monolithic methods (SPE, umlPSI, Capacity Planning (CP)) and one component-based performance evaluation method (PCM) with regard to their accuracy and effort from the viewpoint of method users.

Methods: We conducted a series of three experiments (with different levels of control) involving 47 computer science students. In the first experiment, we compared the applicability of the monolithic methods in order to choose one of them for comparison. In the second experiment, we compared the accuracy and effort of this monolithic and the component-based method for the model creation case. In the third, we studied the effort reduction from reusing component-based models. Data were collected based on the resulting artefacts, questionnaires and screen recording. They were analysed using hypothesis testing, linear models, and analysis of variance.

Results: For the monolithic methods, we found that using SPE and CP resulted in accurate predictions, while umlPSI produced over-estimates. Comparing the component-based method PCM with SPE, we found that creating reusable models using PCM takes more (but not drastically more) time than using SPE and that participants can create accurate models with both techniques. Finally, we found that reusing PCM models can save time, because effort to reuse can be explained by a model that is independent of the inner complexity of a component.

Limitations: The tasks performed in our experiments reflect only a subset of the actual activities when applying model-based performance evaluation methods in a software development process.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that sufficient prediction accuracy can be achieved with both monolithic and component-based methods, and that the higher effort for component-based performance modelling will indeed pay off when the component models incorporate and hide a sufficient amount of complexity.}, author = {Anne Martens and Heiko Koziolek and Lutz Prechelt and Ralf Reussner}, doi = {10.1007/s10664-010-9142-8}, issn = {1382-3256}, journal = {Empirical Software Engineering}, keyword = {Computer Science}, number = {5}, pages = {587--622}, pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/martens2010c.pdf}, publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, title = {From monolithic to component-based performance evaluation of software architectures}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-010-9142-8}, volume = {16}, year = {2011}, tags = {peer-reviewed} }

@inproceedings{MeKoKo2011-MASCOTS-PCMtoQPN,
  author = {Philipp Meier and Samuel Kounev and Heiko Koziolek},
  booktitle = {19th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS 2011), Singapore, July 25--27},
  note = {Acceptance Rate (Full Paper): 41/157 = 26\%},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/descartes-pdfs/MeKoKo2011-MASCOTS-PCMtoQPN.pdf},
  title = {{Automated Transformation of Component-based Software Architecture Models to Queueing Petri Nets}},
  year = {2011}
}
@mastersthesis{merkle2011a,
  author = {Philipp Merkle},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/merkle2011a.pdf},
  school = {Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany},
  title = {Comparing Process- and Event-oriented Software Performance Simulation},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{merkle2011b,
  address = {Karlsruhe},
  author = {Philipp Merkle and J{\"o}rg Henss},
  booktitle = {Palladio Days 2011 Proceedings (appeared as technical report)},
  editor = {Steffen Becker and Jens Happe and Ralf Reussner},
  pages = {15--22},
  publisher = {KIT, Fakult{\"a}t f{\"u}r Informatik},
  series = {Karlsruhe Reports in Informatics ; 2011,32},
  title = {{EventSim} -- An Event-driven {P}alladio Software Architecture Simulator},
  url = {http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000025188},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{MoKr2011-esosym-qualitative-discussion,
  address = {Bonn-Buschdorf, Germany},
  author = {Momm, Christof and Krebs, Rouven},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Software Engineering 2011 -- Workshopband (ESoSyM-2011)},
  day = {21},
  editor = {Reussner, Ralf and Pretschner, Alexander amd J{\"a}hnichen, Stefan},
  isbn = {978-3-88579-278-9},
  location = {Karlsruhe, Germany},
  month = {February},
  organization = {Fachgruppe OOSE der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik und ihrer Arbeitskreise},
  pages = {139--150},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/MoKr2011-esosym-qualitative-discussion.pdf},
  publisher = {Bonner K\"ollen Verlag},
  title = {{A} {Q}ualitative {D}iscussion of {D}ifferent {A}pproaches for {I}mplementing {M}ulti-{T}enant {S}aa{S} {O}fferings},
  titleaddon = {Short Paper},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{MommSauerTrifu2011,
  author = {Christof Momm and Stefan Sauer and Mircea Trifu},
  booktitle = {Software Engineering 2011 - Workshopband (inkl. Doktorandensymposium), Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik},
  ee = {http://subs.emis.de/LNI/Proceedings/Proceedings184/article6328.html},
  isbn = {978-3-88579-278-9},
  pages = {3-8},
  publisher = {GI},
  series = {LNI},
  title = {Dritter Workshop zu "Design for Future (DFF 2011) - Workshop Report"},
  volume = {184},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{rathfelder2011a,
  abstract = {Today, software engineering is challenged to handle more and more large-scale distributed systems with a guaranteed level of service quality. Component-based architectures have been established to build more structured and manageable software systems. However, due to time and cost constraints, it is not feasible to use a trial and error approach to ensure that an architecture meets the quality of service (QoS) requirements. In this tool demo, we present the Palladio Workbench that permits the modeling of component-based software architectures and the prediction of its quality characteristics (e.g., response time and utilization). Additional to a general tool overview, we will give some insights about a new feature to analyze the impact of event-driven communication that was added in the latest release of the Palladio Component Model (PCM)},
  address = {Washington, DC, USA},
  author = {Rathfelder, Christoph and Klatt, Benjamin},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2011 Ninth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA 2011)},
  day = {20--24},
  doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WICSA.2011.55},
  isbn = {978-0-7695-4351-2},
  location = {Boulder, Colorado, USA},
  month = {June},
  pages = {347--350},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/rathfelder2011a.pdf},
  publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
  title = {Palladio Workbench: A Quality-Prediction Tool for Component-Based Architectures},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WICSA.2011.55},
  year = {2011}
}
@book{rathfelder2010c,
  abstract = {With the introduction of services, systems become more flexible as new services can easily be composed out of existing services. Services are increasingly used in mission-critical systems and applications and therefore considering Quality of Service (QoS) properties is an essential part of the service selection. Quality prediction techniques support the service provider in determining possible QoS levels that can be guaranteed to a customer or in deriving the operation costs induced by a certain QoS level. In this chapter, we present an overview on our work on modeling service-oriented systems for performance prediction using the Palladio Component Model. The prediction builds upon a model of a service-based system, and evaluates this model in order to determine the expected service quality. The presented techniques allow for early quality prediction, without the need for the system being already deployed and operating. We present the integration of our prediction approach into an SLA management framework. The emerging trend to combine event-based communication and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) into Event-based SOA (ESOA) induces new challenges to our approach, which are topic of a special subsection.},
  address = {Hershey, PA, USA},
  author = {Christoph Rathfelder and Benjamin Klatt and Franz Brosch and Samuel Kounev},
  booktitle = {{Handbook of Research on Service-Oriented Systems and Non-Functional Properties: Future Directions}},
  doi = {10.4018/978-1-61350-432-1},
  editor = {Stephan Reiff-Marganiec and Marcel Tilly},
  isbn = {9781613504321},
  month = {December},
  pages = {258--279},
  publisher = {IGI Global},
  title = {{P}erformance {M}odeling for {Q}uality of {S}ervice {P}rediction in {S}ervice-{O}riented {S}ystems},
  url = {http://www.igi-global.com/chapter/handbook-research-service-oriented-systems/60889},
  year = {2011}
}
@book{rathfelder2011b,
  address = {New York},
  author = {Rathfelder, Christoph and Klatt, Benjamin and Falcone, Giovanni},
  booktitle = {{Service Level Agreements for Cloud Computing}},
  editor = {Wieder, Philipp and Butler, Joe M. and Theilmann, Wolfgang and Yahyapour, Ramin},
  isbn = {978-1-4614-1614-2},
  pages = {27--40},
  publisher = {Springer},
  title = {The Open Reference Case A Reference Use Case for the SLA@SOI Framework},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1614-2_3},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{RaKoEv2011-ASE-CapacityPlanning,
  abstract = {Event-based communication is used in different domains including telecommunications, transportation, and business information systems to build scalable distributed systems. The loose coupling of components in such systems makes it easy to vary the deployment. At the same time, the complexity to estimate the behavior and performance of the whole system is increased, which complicates capacity planning. In this paper, we present an automated performance prediction method supporting capacity planning for event-based systems. The performance prediction is based on an extended version of the Palladio Component Model -- a performance meta-model for component-based systems. We apply this method on a real-world case study of a traffic monitoring system. In addition to the application of our performance prediction techniques for capacity planning, we evaluate the prediction results against measurements in the context of the case study. The results demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed approach.},
  author = {Christoph Rathfelder and Samuel Kounev and David Evans},
  booktitle = {26th IEEE/ACM International Conference On Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2011)},
  day = {6--12},
  location = {Oread, Lawrence, Kansas},
  month = {November},
  note = {Acceptance Rate (Full Paper): 14.7\% (37/252)},
  pages = {352--361},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/RaKoEv2011-ASE-CapacityPlanning.pdf},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  title = {{C}apacity {P}lanning for {E}vent-based {S}ystems using {A}utomated {P}erformance {P}redictions},
  year = {2011}
}
@techreport{reussner2011a,
  abstract = {This report introduces the Palladio Component Model (PCM), a novel software component model for business information systems, which is specifically tuned to enable model-driven quality-of-service (QoS, i.e., performance and reliability) predictions. The PCMs goal is to assess the expected response times, throughput, and resource utilization of component-based software architectures during early development stages. This shall avoid costly redesigns, which might occur after a poorly designed architecture has been implemented. Software architects should be enabled to analyse different architectural design alternatives and to support their design decisions with quantitative results from performance or reliability analysis tools.},
  address = {Karlsruhe},
  author = {Reussner, Ralf and Becker, Steffen and Burger, Erik and Happe, Jens and Hauck, Michael and Koziolek, Anne and Koziolek, Heiko and Krogmann, Klaus and Kuperberg, Michael},
  institution = {KIT, Fakult{\"a}t f{\"u}r Informatik},
  series = {Karlsruhe reports in informatics ; 2011,14},
  title = {{The Palladio Component Model}},
  url = {http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000022503},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{SauerMommTrifu2011,
  author = {Stefan Sauer and Christof Momm and Mircea Trifu},
  booktitle = {Software Engineering 2011: Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik},
  ee = {http://subs.emis.de/LNI/Proceedings/Proceedings183/article6296.html},
  isbn = {978-3-88579-277-2},
  pages = {197},
  publisher = {GI},
  series = {LNI},
  title = {Dritter Workshop zu "Design For Future - Langlebige Softwaresysteme"},
  volume = {183},
  year = {2011}
}
@mastersthesis{Spinner2011a,
  address = {Am Fasanengarten 5, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany},
  author = {Simon Spinner},
  month = {July},
  note = {Best Graduate Award from the Faculty of Informatics},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/Spinner2011a.pdf},
  school = {Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)},
  title = {{Evaluating Approaches to Resource Demand Estimation}},
  year = {2011}
}
@techreport{stammel2011a,
  abstract = {In this document we collect and classify literature with respect to software evolution. The main objective is to get an overview of approaches for the evolution of sustainable software systems with focus on the domain of industrial process control systems.},
  author = {Johannes Stammel and Zoya Durdik and Klaus Krogmann and Roland Weiss and Heiko Koziolek},
  institution = {Karlsruhe, Germany},
  number = {2011,2},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/stammel2011a.pdf},
  timestamp = {2011.02.25},
  title = {{Software Evolution for Industrial Automation Systems: Literature Overview}},
  type = {{Karlsruhe Reports in Informatics}},
  url = {http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000022262},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{StammelTrifu2011,
  author = {Johannes Stammel and Mircea Trifu},
  booktitle = {Joint Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Model-Driven Software Migration (MDSM 2011) and the Fifth International Workshop on Software Quality and Maintainability (SQM 2011)},
  pages = {56--63},
  publisher = {CEUR-WS.org},
  title = {Tool-Supported Estimation of Software Evolution Effort in Service-Oriented Systems},
  urldate = {http://sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-708/},
  volume = {708},
  year = {2011}
}
@article{Thomas20111,
  address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
  author = {Nigel Thomas and Jeremy Bradley and William Knottenbelt and Samuel Kounev and Nikolaus Huber and Fabian Brosig},
  doi = {10.1016/j.entcs.2011.09.001},
  issn = {1571-0661},
  journal = {Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science},
  pages = {1 - 3},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.},
  title = {Preface},
  volume = {275},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{TDB11,
  author = {Oleg Travkin AND Markus von Detten AND Steffen Becker},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop of the GI Working Group L2S2 - Design for Future 2011},
  title = {Towards the Combination of Clustering-based and Pattern-based Reverse Engineering Approaches},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{trubiani2011a,
  abstract = {Antipatterns are conceptually similar to patterns in that they document recurring solutions to common design problems. Performance Antipatterns document, from a performance perspective, common mistakes made during software development as well as their solutions. The definition of performance antipatterns concerns software properties that can include static, dynamic, and deployment aspects. Currently, such knowledge is only used by domain experts; the problem of automatically detecting and solving antipatterns within an architectural model has not been experimented yet. In this paper we present an approach to automatically detect and solve software performance antipatterns within the Palladio architectural models: the detection of an antipattern provides a software performance feedback to designers, since it suggests the architectural alternatives that actually allow to overcome specific performance problems. We implemented the approach and a case study is presented to demonstrate its validity. The system performance under study has been improved of 50\% by applying antipatterns' solutions.},
  acmid = {1958755},
  author = {Catia Trubiani and Anne Koziolek},
  booktitle = {Proceeding of the second joint WOSP/SIPEW international conference on Performance engineering},
  doi = {10.1145/1958746.1958755},
  editor = {Samuel Kounev and Vittorio Cortellessa and Raffaela Mirandola and David J. Lilja},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-0519-8},
  keywords = {palladio component model, performance antipatterns, software performance feedback},
  location = {Karlsruhe, Germany},
  note = {ICPE best paper award},
  numpages = {12},
  pages = {19--30},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/trubiani2011a.pdf},
  publisher = {ACM, New York, NY, USA},
  series = {ICPE '11},
  title = {Detection and Solution of Software Performance Antipatterns in {Palladio} Architectural Models},
  url = {http://icpe2011.ipd.kit.edu},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{westermann2011a,
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  author = {Dennis Westermann and Jens Happe},
  booktitle = {ICPE'11: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering},
  location = {Karlsruhe, Germany},
  publisher = {ACM},
  title = {{P}erformance {C}ockpit: {S}ystematic {M}easurements and {A}nalyses},
  url = {http://icpe2011.ipd.kit.edu},
  year = {2011}
}
@proceedings{DBLP:conf/wosp/2011,
  address = {New York, NY, USA},
  editor = {Samuel Kounev and Vittorio Cortellessa and Raffaela Mirandola and David J. Lilja},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-0519-8},
  month = {March},
  publisher = {ACM},
  title = {ICPE'11 - 2nd Joint ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, Karlsruhe, Germany, March 14--16, 2011},
  year = {2011}
}
@proceedings{DBLP:conf/se/2011,
  bibsource = {DBLP, http://dblp.uni-trier.de},
  booktitle = {Software Engineering},
  editor = {Ralf Reussner and Matthias Grund and Andreas Oberweis and Walter F. Tichy},
  isbn = {978-3-88579-277-2},
  publisher = {GI},
  series = {LNI},
  title = {Software Engineering 2011: Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, 21.-25. Februar 2011 in Karlsruhe},
  volume = {183},
  year = {2011}
}
@mastersthesis{strittmatter2011a,
  author = {Misha Strittmatter},
  month = {January},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/strittmatter2011a.pdf},
  school = {Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany},
  slides = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/strittmatter2011a_slides.pdf},
  title = {Performance Abstractions of Communication Patterns for Connectors},
  type = {Study Thesis},
  year = {2011}
}
@phdthesis{goldschmidt2011diss,
  address = {Karlsruhe},
  author = {Goldschmidt, Thomas},
  isbn = {978-3-86644-642-7},
  keywords = {Modellgetriebene Entwicklung / Dom{\"a}nenspezifische Programmiersprache / Sichtenkonzept / Metamodell / Entwurfssprache / Syntaktische Analyse},
  publisher = {KIT Scientific Publishing},
  series = {The Karlsruhe series on software design and quality ; 6},
  size = {Online-Ressource},
  title = {View-based textual modelling},
  url = {http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000022234},
  year = {2011}
}
@mastersthesis{stier2011a,
  address = {Am Fasanengarten 5, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany},
  author = {Stier, Christian},
  school = {Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)},
  title = {{Enhanced Selectivity Estimation using Subspace Clustering}},
  type = {Bachelor's Thesis},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{simko2011foam,
  abstract = {{ This paper presents a semi-automated method that helps iteratively write use-cases in natural language and verify consistency of behavior encoded within them. In particular, this is beneficial when the use-cases are created simultaneously by multiple developers. The proposed method allows verifying the consistency of textual use-case specification by employing annotations in use-case steps that are transformed into temporal logic formulae and verified within a formal behavior model. A supporting tool for plain English use-case analysis is currently being enhanced by integrating the verification algorithm proposed in the paper. }},
  author = {Viliam Simko and David Hauzar and Petr Hnetynka and Frantisek Plasil},
  booktitle = {Postproceedings of 8th International Symposium on Formal Aspects of Component Software (FACS'11) conference},
  day = {14--16},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-35743-5_21},
  location = {Oslo, Norway},
  month = {September},
  pdf = {http://d3s.mff.cuni.cz/publications/download/2011-FACS2011-VerifyingUseCases.pdf},
  publisher = {Springer},
  series = {LNCS},
  title = {Verifying Temporal Properties of Use-Cases in Natural Language},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{heinrich2011modeling,
  author = {Heinrich, Robert and Kappe, Alexander and Paech, Barbara},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th SQMB Workshop, TUM-I1104},
  pages = {4--13},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/heinrich2011modeling.pdf},
  title = {Modeling Quality Information within Business Process Models},
  year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{heinrich2011tool,
  author = {Heinrich, Robert and Kappe, Alexander and Paech, Barbara},
  booktitle = {Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architecture},
  pages = {213--218},
  pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/heinrich2011tool.pdf},
  title = {Tool Support for the Comprehensive Modeling of Quality Information within Business Process Models},
  year = {2011}
}
@article{birkle2011implementation,
  author = {Birkle, Markus and Schneider, Benjamin and Beck, Tobias and Deuster, Thomas and Fischer, Markus and Flatow, Florian and Heinrich, Robert and Kapp, Christian and Riemer, Jasmin and Simon, Michael and Bergh, Bj{\"o}rn},
  journal = {Studies in Health Technology and Informatics},
  pages = {265--269},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  title = {Implementation of an open source provider organization registry service},
  volume = {169},
  year = {2011}
}