inproceedings_becker.bib
@inproceedings{becker2013a,
author = {Matthias Becker and Steffen Becker and Joachim Meyer},
booktitle = {{Proceedings of Software Engineering 2013}},
location = {Aachen},
title = {{SimuLizar: Design-Time Modelling and Performance Analysis of Self-Adaptive Systems}},
year = {2013},
isbn = {978-3-88579-607-7},
publisher = {Gesellschaft f\"{u}r Informatik e.V.\ (GI)},
address = {Bonn, Germany},
series = {Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)},
volume = {P-213},
editors = {Stefan Kowalewski and Bernhard Rumpe},
pages = {71--84},
url = {http://subs.emis.de/LNI/Proceedings/Proceedings213/71.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{qosa12,
address = {New York, NY, USA},
author = {Matthias Becker AND Markus Luckey AND Steffen Becker},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Quality of Software Architecture},
publisher = {ACM},
series = {QoSA'12},
title = {Model-driven {P}erformance {E}ngineering of {S}elf-{A}daptive {S}ystems: {A} {S}urvey},
year = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{becker2012c,
author = {Steffen Becker},
booktitle = {Formal methods for Model-Driven Engineering},
editor = {Marco Bernado and Vittorio Cortellessa and Alfonso Pierantonio},
month = {June},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
title = {Model Transformations in Non-Functional Analysis},
year = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{becker2005a,
abstract = {In order to put component based software engineering into practice we have to consider the eect of software component adaptation. Adaptation is used in existing systems to bridge interoperability problems between bound interfaces, e.g., to integrate existing legacy systems into new software architectures. In CBSE, one of the aims is to predict the properties of the assembled system from its basic parts. Adaptation is a special case of composition and can be treated consequently in a special way. The precision of the prediction methods can be increased by exploiting additional knowledge about the adapter. This work motivates the use of adapter generators which simultaneously produce prediction models.},
author = {Becker, Steffen},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Coordination and Adaptation Techniques for Software Entities (WCAT 05)},
editor = {Canal, Carlos and Murillo, Juan Manuel and Poizat, Pascal},
title = {{U}sing {G}enerated {D}esign {P}atterns to {S}upport {QoS} {P}rediction of {S}oftware {C}omponent {A}daptation},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/becker2005a.pdf},
year = {2005}
}
@inproceedings{becker2011a,
author = {Steffen Becker},
booktitle = {Proc. of the Software Engineering Conference, Young Researches Track (SE 2011)},
issue = {4},
series = {Softwaretechnik-Trends},
title = {{T}owards {S}ystem {V}iewpoints to {S}pecify {A}daptation {M}odels at {R}untime},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/becker2011a.pdf},
volume = {31},
year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{becker2008b,
abstract = {Model-driven performance prediction methods use abstract design models to predict the performance of the modelled system during early development stages. However, performance is an attribute of the running system and not its model. The system contains many implementation details not part of its model but still affecting the performance at run-time. Existing approaches neglect details of the implementation due to the abstraction underlying the design model. Completion components [26] deal with this problem, however, they have to be added manually to the prediction model. In this work, we assume that the system's implementation is generated by a chain of model transformations. In this scenario, the transformation rules determine the transformation result. By analysing these transformation rules, a second transformation can be derived which automatically adds details to the prediction model according to the encoded rules. We call this transformation a coupled transformation as it is coupled to an corresponding model-to-code transformation. It uses the knowledge on the output of the model-to-code transformation to increase performance prediction accuracy. The introduced coupled transformations method is validated in a case study in which a parametrised transformation maps abstract component connectors to realisations in different RPC calls. In this study, the corresponding coupled transformation captures the RPC's details with a prediction error of less than 5\%.},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
author = {Steffen Becker},
booktitle = {WOSP '08: Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Software and performance},
doi = {10.1145/1383559.1383573},
isbn = {978-1-59593-873-2},
keywords = {Software Architecture,Component-Based Software Engineering,Performance Prediction,MDA},
location = {Princeton, NJ, USA},
pages = {103--114},
publisher = {ACM},
title = {{C}oupled {M}odel {T}ransformations},
year = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{becker2006b,
abstract = {Component adaptation needs to be taken into account when developing trustworthy systems, where the properties of component assemblies have to be reliably obtained from the properties of its constituent components. Thus, a more systematic approach to component adaptation is required when building trustworthy systems. In this paper, we illustrate how (design and architectural) patterns can be used to achieve component adaptation and thus serve as the basis for such an approach. The paper proposes an adaptation model which is built upon a classification of component mismatches, and identifies a number of patterns to be used for eliminating them. We conclude by outlining an engineering approach to component adaptation that relies on the use of patterns and provides additional support for the development of trustworthy component-based systems.},
author = {Becker, Steffen and Brogi, Antonio and Gorton, Ian and Overhage, Sven and Romanovsky, Alexander and Tivoli, Massimo},
booktitle = {Architecting Systems with Trustworthy Components},
pages = {193--215},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
title = {{T}owards an {E}ngineering {A}pproach to {C}omponent {A}daptation},
volume = {3938},
year = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{becker2006g,
author = {Steffen Becker and Carlos Canal and Nikolay Diakov and Juan Manuel Murillo and Pascal Poizat and Massimo Tivoli},
booktitle = {Object-Oriented Technology, ECOOP 2006 Workshop Reader, ECOOP 2006 Workshops, Nantes, France, July 3-7, 2006, Final Reports},
editor = {Mario S{\"u}dholt and Charles Consel},
pages = {72-86},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
title = {{Coordination and Adaptation Techniques: Bridging the Gap Between Design and Implementation}},
volume = {4379},
year = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{becker2005b,
author = {Becker, Steffen and Canal, Carlos and Murillo, Juan Manuel and Poizat, Pascal and Tivoli, Massimo},
booktitle = {Report on the Second International Workshop on Coordination and Adaptation Techniques for Software Entities (WCAT'05)},
title = {{D}esign {T}ime, {R}un {T}ime and {I}mplementation of {A}daptation},
year = {2005}
}
@inproceedings{becker2008c,
abstract = {Early, model-based performance predictions help to understand the consequences of design decisions on the performance of the resulting system before the system's implementation becomes available. While this helps reducing the costs for redesigning systems not meeting their extra-functional requirements, performance prediction models have to abstract from the full complexity of modern hard- and software environments potentially leading to imprecise predictions. As a solution, the construction and execution of prototypes on the target execution environment gives early insights in the behaviour of the system under realistic conditions. In literature several approaches exist to generate prototypes from models which either generate code skeletons or require detailed models for the prototype. In this paper, we present an approach which aims at automated generation of a performance prototype based solely on a design model with performance annotations. For the concrete realisation, we used the Palladio Component Model (PCM), which is a component-based architecture modelling language supporting early performance analyses. For a typical three-tier business application, the resulting Java EE code shows how the prototype can be used to evaluate the influence of complex parts of the execution environment like memory interactions or the operating system's scheduler.},
author = {Steffen Becker and Tobias Dencker and Jens Happe},
booktitle = {Performance Evaluation: Metrics, Models and Benchmarks (SIPEW 2008)},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-69814-2_7},
isbn = {978-3-540-69813-5},
pages = {79--98},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
title = {{Model-Driven Generation of Performance Prototypes}},
url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/62t1277642tt8676/fulltext.pdf},
volume = {5119},
year = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{becker2004c,
abstract = {Abstract: The evaluation of software architectures is crucial to ensure that the design of software systems meets the requirements. We present a generic methodical framework that enables the evaluation of component-based software architectures. It allows to determine system characteristics on the basis of the characteristics of its constituent components. Basic prerequisites are discussed and an overview of different architectural views is given, which can be utilised for the evaluation process. On this basis, we outline the general process of evaluating software architectures and provide a taxonomy of existing evaluation methods. To illustrate the evaluation of software architectures in practice, we present some of the methods in detail.},
author = {Becker, Steffen and Firus, Viktoria and Giesecke, Simon and Hasselbring, Wilhelm and Overhage, Sven and Reussner, Ralf H.},
booktitle = {Architekturen, Komponenten, Anwendungen - Proceedings zur 1. Verbundtagung Architekturen, Komponenten, Anwendungen (AKA 2004), Universit{\"a}t Augsburg},
editor = {Turowski, Klaus},
isbn = {3-88579-386-5},
pages = {163--180},
series = {GI-Edition Lecture Notes in Informatics},
title = {{T}owards a {G}eneric {F}ramework for {E}valuating {C}omponent-{B}ased {S}oftware {A}rchitectures},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/becker2004c.pdf},
volume = {57},
year = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{becker2007a,
abstract = {Abstract: Model Driven Software Development (MDSD) has matured over the last few years and is now becoming an established technology. As a consequence, dealing with evolving meta-models and the necessary migration activities of instances of this meta-model is becoming increasingly important. Approaches from database schema migration tackle a similar problem, but cannot be adapted easily to MDSD. This paper presents work towards a solution in the model-driven domain. Firstly, we introduce a process model, which defines the necessary steps to migrate model instances upon an evolving meta-model. Secondly, we have created an initial classification of metamodel changes in EMF/Ecore utilised by our process model},
author = {Becker, Steffen and Goldschmidt, Thomas and Gruschko, Boris and Koziolek, Heiko},
booktitle = {Proc. 1st Workshop MDD, SOA und IT-Management (MSI'07)},
pages = {35--46},
publisher = {GiTO-Verlag},
title = {{A} {P}rocess {M}odel and {C}lassification {S}cheme for {S}emi-{A}utomatic {M}eta-{M}odel {E}volution},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/becker2007a.pdf},
year = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{becker2006e,
abstract = {More and more complex embedded system use component based development. Non-functional properties of component model are used to predict performance of the final system. We analyzed the thread properties of component in network processor based system. The proposed method is based on the thread properties and provides quantified performance of the component, and so we can predict the performance of final system at composing time. The experiments show that the difference between theoretic and simulation result is less than 10%.},
author = {Steffen Becker and Lars Grunske and Raffaela Mirandola and Sven Overhage},
booktitle = {Architecting Systems with Trustworthy Components},
editor = {Ralf Reussner and Judith Stafford and Clemens Szyperski},
pages = {169--192},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
title = {{P}erformance {P}rediction of {C}omponent-{B}ased {S}ystems: {A} {S}urvey from an {E}ngineering {P}erspective},
volume = {3938},
year = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{becker2006a,
abstract = {The evaluation of Quality of Service (QoS) attributes in early development stages of a software product is an active research area. For component-based systems, this yields many challenges, since a component can be deployed and used by third parties in various environments, which influence the functional and extra-functional properties of a component. Current component models do not reflect these environmental dependencies sufficiently. In this position statement, we motivate an explicit context model for software components. A context model exists for each single component and contains its connections, its containment, the allocation on hard- and software resources, the usage profile, and the perceived functional and extra-functional properties in the actual environment.},
author = {Steffen Becker and Jens and Heiko Koziolek},
booktitle = {Proc. 11th International Workshop on Component Oriented Programming (WCOP'06)},
editor = {Ralf Reussner and Clemens Szyperski and Wolfgang Weck},
month = {July},
pages = {1--6},
title = {{P}utting {C}omponents into {C}ontext: {S}upporting {Q}o{S}-{P}redictions with an explicit {C}ontext {M}odel},
url = {http://research.microsoft.com/~cszypers/events/WCOP2006/WCOP06-Becer.pdf},
year = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{becker2010a,
abstract = {Legacy applications are still widely spread. If a need to change deployment or update its functionality arises, it becomes difficult to estimate the performance impact of such modifications due to absence of corresponding models. In this paper, we present an extendable integrated environment based on Eclipse developed in the scope of the Q-ImPrESS project for reverse engineering of legacy applications (in C/C++/Java). The Q-ImPrESS project aims at modeling quality attributes at an architectural level and allows for choosing the most suitable variant for implementation of a desired modification. The main contributions of the project include i) a high integration of all steps of the entire process into a single tool, a beta version of which has been already successfully tested on a case study, ii) integration of multiple research approaches to performance modeling, and iii) an extendable underlying meta-model for different quality dimensions.},
author = {Steffen Becker and Michael Hauck and Mircea Trifu and Klaus Krogmann and Jan Kofron},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, European Projects Track},
keywords = {Q-ImPrESS},
pages = {199-202},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {{Reverse Engineering Component Models for Quality Predictions}},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/becker2010a.pdf},
year = {2010}
}
@inproceedings{becker2007b,
abstract = {One aim of component-based software engineering (CBSE) is to enable the prediction of extra-functional properties, such as performance and reliability, utilising a well-defined composition theory. Nowadays, such theories and their accompanying prediction methods are still in a maturation stage. Several factors influencing extra-functional properties need additional research to be understood. A special problem in CBSE stems from its specific development process: Software components should be specified and implemented independent from their later context to enable reuse. Thus, extra-functional properties of components need to be specified in a parametric way to take different influence factors like the hardware platform or the usage profile into account. In our approach, we use the Palladio Component Model (PCM) to specify component-based software architectures in a parametric way. This model offers direct support of the CBSE development process by dividing the model creation among the developer roles. In this paper, we present our model and a simulation tool based on it, which is capable of making performance predictions. Within a case study, we show that the resulting prediction accuracy can be sufficient to support the evaluation of architectural design decisions.},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
author = {Becker, Steffen and Koziolek, Heiko and Reussner, Ralf H.},
booktitle = {WOSP '07: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Software and performance},
doi = {10.1145/1216993.1217006},
isbn = {1-59593-297-6},
keywords = {Software Architecture,Component-Based Software Engineering,performance prediction},
location = {Buenes Aires, Argentina},
month = {February},
pages = {54--65},
publisher = {ACM},
title = {{M}odel-based {P}erformance {P}rediction with the {P}alladio {C}omponent {M}odel},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/becker2007b.pdf},
year = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{becker2013b,
address = {New York, NY, USA},
author = {Steffen Becker and Raffaela Mirandola and Lucia Happe and Catia Trubiani},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th Joint ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE '13), Work-In-Progress Track},
location = {Prague, Chech Repbulic},
publisher = {ACM},
title = {Towards a methodology driven by dependencies of quality attributes for {QoS}-based analysis},
year = {2013}
}
@inproceedings{becker2003c,
abstract = {In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept f\"{u}r das Konfigurationsmanagement komponentenorientierter Anwendungen dargestellt. Dabei wird zun\"{a}chst der Begriff �Konfigura-tionsmanagement� n\"{a}her erl\"{a}utert und anschlie{\ss}end die St\"{u}cklistenorganisation als eine geeignete Methode f\"{u}r das Konfigurationsmanagement beschrieben. Der Beitrag konzentriert sich auf die Entwicklung einer Vorgehensweise zur (automatisierten) Unterst\"{u}tzung der Komponentenaus-wahl, die auf St\"{u}cklisten, einem einheitlichen Spezifikationsrahmen und einer multiattributiven Entscheidungsfindung basiert. Abschlie{\ss}end wird das \"{a}nderungsmanagement beschrieben, das ebenfalls zum Konfigurationsmanagement zu z\"{a}hlen ist.},
author = {Becker, Steffen and Overhage, Sven},
booktitle = {Tagungsband 5. Workshop Komponentenorientierte betriebliche Anwendungssysteme},
editor = {Turowski, Klaus},
pages = {17--32},
publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Augsburg},
title = {{S}t{\"u}cklistenbasiertes {K}omponenten-{K}onfigurationsmanagement},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/becker2003c.pdf},
year = {2003}
}
@inproceedings{becker2004a,
abstract = {This paper discusses various classifications of component interoperability errors. These classifications aim at supporting the automation of component adaptation. The use of software components will only demonstrate beneficial, if the costs for component deployment (i.e., acquisition and composition) are considerably lower than those for custom component development. One of the main reasons for the moderate progress in component-based software engineering are the high costs for component deployment. These costs are mainly caused by adapting components to bridge interoperability errors between unfitting components. One way to lower the costs of component deployment is to support component adaptation by tools, i.e., for interoperability checks of (semi-)automated adaptor generation. This automation of component adaptation requires a deep understanding of component interoperability errors. In particular, one has to differentiate between different classes of interoperability errors, as different errors require different adaptors for resolving. Therefore, the presented classification of component interoperability errors supports the automation of component adaptation by aiding automated interoperability problem detection and semi-automated adaptor generation. The experience gained from already implemented solutions for a specific class of interoperability errors provides hints for the solution of similar problems of the same class.},
author = {Becker, Steffen and Overhage, Sven and Reussner, Ralf H.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE 2004), Edinburgh, UK},
editor = {Crnkovic, Ivica and Stafford, Judith A. and Schmidt, Heinz W. and Wallnau, Kurt C.},
month = {May},
pages = {68--83},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
title = {{C}lassifying {S}oftware {C}omponent {I}nteroperability {E}rrors to {S}upport {C}omponent {A}daption},
url = {http://springerlink.metapress.com/content/yk87fnn309wf2fgh/},
volume = {3054},
year = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{becker2004b,
abstract = {Component adaptors often are used to bridge gaps between the functional requirements of a component and the functional specification of another one supposed to provide the needed services. As bridging functional mismatches is necessary, the use of adaptors is often unavoidable. This emphasises the relevance of a drawback of adaptor usage: The alteration of Quality of Service properties of the adapted component. That is especially nasty, if the original QoS properties of the component have been a major criteria for the choice of the respective component. Therefore, we give an overview of examples of the problem and highlight some approaches how to cope with it.},
author = {Becker, Steffen and Reussner, Ralf H.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Coordination and Adaptation Techniques for Software Entities (WCAT 04)},
editor = {Canal, Carlos and Murillo, Juan Manuel and Poizat, Pascal},
title = {{T}he {I}mpact of {S}oftware {C}omponent {A}daptors on {Q}uality of {S}ervice {P}roperties},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/becker2004b.pdf},
year = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{becker2003d,
abstract = {We discuss the specification of signatures, protocols (behaviour) and quality of service within software component specification frameworks. In particular we focus on (a) contractually used components, (b) the specification of components with variable contracts and interfaces, and (c) of quality of service. Interface descriptions including these aspects allow powerful static interoperability checks. Unfortunately, the specification of constant component interfaces hinders the specification of quality attributes and impedes automated component adaptation. This is because, especially quality attributes heavily depend on the components context. To enable the specification of quality attributes, we demonstrate the inclusion of parameterised contracts within a component specification framework. These parameterised contracts compute adapted, context-dependent component interfaces (including protocols and quality attributes). This allows to take context dependencies into account while allowing powerful static interoperability checks.},
author = {Becker, Steffen and Reussner, Ralf H. and Firus, Viktoria},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Component Engineering Methodology},
editor = {Turowski, Klaus and Overhage, Sven},
title = {{S}pecifying {C}ontractual {U}se, {P}rotocols and {Q}uality {A}ttributes for {S}oftware {C}omponents},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/becker2003d.pdf},
year = {2003}
}
@inproceedings{becker2012b,
author = {Steffen Becker and Matthias Tichy},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the GI-Workshop on Model-Based and Model-Driven Softwaremodernization 2012 (MMSM12), Modellierung 2012, Bamberg},
month = {March},
title = {{Towards Model-Driven Evolution of Performance Critical Business Information Systems to Cloud Computing Architectures}},
year = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{becker2013c,
abstract = {Self-adaptation allows continuously running software systems to operate in changing and uncertain contexts while meeting their requirements in a broad range of contexts, e.g., from low to high load situations. As a consequence, requirementsfor self-adaptive systems are more complex than requirements for static systems as they have to explicitly address properties of the self-adaptation layer.While approaches exist in the literature to capture this new type of requirements formally, their achievement cannot be analyzed in early design phases yet. In this paper, we apply RELAX to formally specify non-functional requirements for self-adaptive systems. We then apply our model-based SimuLizar approach for a semi-automatic analysis to test whether the self-adaptation layer ensures that these non-functional requirements are met. We evaluate our approach on the design of a proof-of-concept load balancer system. As this evaluation demonstrates, we can iteratively improve our system design by improving unsatisfactory self-adaption rules.},
author = {Matthias Becker AND Markus Luckey AND Steffen Becker},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th ACM SigSoft International Conference on Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA'13)},
month = {June},
publisher = {ACM},
title = {Performance Analysis of Self-Adaptive Systems for Requirements Validation at Design-Time},
year = {2013}
}
@inproceedings{heinzemann2013a,
author = {Christian Heinzemann AND Steffen Becker},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th International ACM SigSoft Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE)},
publisher = {ACM},
title = {Executing Reconfigurations in Hierarchical Component Architectures},
year = {2013}
}
@inproceedings{PvDB+12,
abstract = {In the last decades, development turned from monolithic software products towards more flexible software components that can be provided on world-wide markets in form of services. Customers request such services or compositions of several services. However, in many cases, discovering the best services to address a given request is a tough challenge and requires expressive, gradual matching results, considering di fferent aspects of a service description, e.g., inputs/ouputs, protocols, or quality properties. Furthermore,in situations in which no service exactly satifies the request, approximate matching which can deal with a certain amount of fuzziness becomes necessary. There is a wealth of service matching approaches, but it is not clear whether there is a comprehensive, fuzzy matching approach which addresses all these challenges. Although there are a few service matchingsurveys, none of them is able to answer this question. In this paper, we perform a systematic literature survey of 35 (outof 504) service matching approaches which consider fuzzy matching. Based on this survey, we propose a classi cation,discuss how diff erent matching approaches can be combined into a comprehensive matching method, and identify future research challenges.},
author = {Marie Christin Platenius AND Markus von Detten AND Steffen Becker AND Wilhelm Sch\"{a}fer AND Gregor Engels},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th International ACM Sigsoft Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering},
journal = {Proceedings of the 16th International ACM Sigsoft Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering},
publisher = {ACM},
title = {A Survey of Fuzzy Service Matching Approaches in the Context of On-The-Fly Computing},
year = {2013}
}
@inproceedings{frieben2013a,
address = {Paderborn},
author = {Frieben, Jens and Heutger, Henning and Meyer, Matthias and Becker, Steffen},
booktitle = {9. Paderborner Workshop Entwurf mechatronischer Systeme},
editor = {Gausemeier, J\"{u}rgen and Dumitrescu, Roman and Rammig, Franz-Josef and Sch\"{a}fer, Wilhelm and Tr\"{a}chtler, Ansgar},
month = {April},
pages = {147--160},
publisher = {HNI Verlagsschriftenreihe, Paderborn},
title = {Modulare Leistungsprognose von Kompaktsteuerungen},
year = {2013}
}
@inproceedings{becker2008i,
author = {Steffen Becker and Mircea Trifu and Ralf Reussner},
booktitle = {1st International Workshop on Automated engineeRing of Autonomous and run-time evolving Systems (ARAMIS 2008)},
keywords = {Q-ImPrESS},
location = {L'Aquila, Italy},
month = {September},
title = {{Towards Supporting Evolution of Service Oriented Architectures through Quality Impact Prediction}},
year = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{besova2012a,
author = {G. Besova and S. Walther and H. Wehrheim and S. Becker},
booktitle = {Models 2012},
editor = {Robert France and Juergen Kazmeier and Colin Atkinson and Ruth Breu},
journal = {LNCS},
publisher = {Springer Verlag Berlin/Heidelberg},
title = {Weaving-Based Configuration and Modular Transformation of Multi-Layer Systems},
volume = {to appear},
year = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{brueseke2011a,
author = {Frank Br{\"u}seke and Gregor Engels and Steffen Becker},
booktitle = {Proc. 16th International Workshop on Component Oriented Programming (WCOP'11)},
editor = {Ralf Reussner and Clemens Szyperski and Wolfgang Weck},
title = {Palladio-based performance blame analysis},
year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{brueseke2013a,
address = {New York, NY, USA},
author = {Frank Br{\"u}seke and Gregor Engels and Steffen Becker},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th Joint ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE '13)},
location = {Prague, Chech Repbulic},
publisher = {ACM},
title = {Decision Support via Automated Metric Comparison for the Palladio-based Performance Blame Analysis},
year = {2013}
}
@inproceedings{brataas2013a,
author = {Brataas, Gunnar and Stav, Erlend and Lehrig, Sebastian and Becker, Steffen and Kop\v{c}ak, Goran and Huljenic, Darko},
title = {CloudScale: Scalability Management for Cloud Systems},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering},
series = {ICPE '13},
year = {2013},
isbn = {978-1-4503-1636-1},
location = {Prague, Czech Republic},
pages = {335--338},
numpages = {4},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2479871.2479920},
doi = {10.1145/2479871.2479920},
acmid = {2479920},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
keywords = {cloud, domain specific language, provisioning, scalability, software architecture, tools}
}
@inproceedings{vDB11,
author = {Markus von Detten AND Steffen Becker},
booktitle = {7th ACM SIGSOFT International Conference on the Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA 2011)},
month = {June},
day = {20-24},
title = {Combining Clustering and Pattern Detection for the Reengineering of Component-based Software Systems},
year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{firus2004a,
author = {Firus, Viktoria and Becker, Steffen},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Formal Foundation of Embedded Software and Component-Based Software Architectures (FESCA)},
pages = {118--121},
series = {Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science},
title = {{T}owards {P}erformance {E}valuation of {C}omponent {B}ased {S}oftware {A}rchitectures},
url = {http://www.infosys.com/IT-services/architecture-services/white-papers/performance-review-COTS.pdf},
volume = {108},
year = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{firus2005b,
abstract = {The performance of a software component heavily depends on the environment of the component. As a software component only justifies its investment when deployed in several environments, one can not specify the performance of a component as a constant (e.g., as a single value or distribution of values in its interface). Hence, classical component contracts allowing to state the component�s performance as a post-condition, if the environment realises a specific performance stated in the precondition, do not help. This fixed pair of preand postcondition do not model that a component can have very different performance figures depending on its context. Instead of that, parametric contracts are needed for specifying the environmental dependency of the component�s provided performance. In this paper we discuss the specification of dependencies of external calls for the performance metric response time. We present an approach using parametric contracts to compute the statistical distribution of response time as a discrete distribution in dependency of the distribution of response times of environmental services. We use the Quality of Service Modeling Language (QML) as a syntax for specifying distributions.},
author = {Firus, Viktoria and Becker, Steffen and Happe, Jens},
booktitle = {Formal {F}oundations of {E}mbedded {S}oftware and {C}omponent-based {S}oftware {A}rchitectures ({FESCA})},
pages = {73--90},
series = {Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science},
title = {{P}arametric {P}erformance {C}ontracts for {QML}-specified {S}oftware {C}omponents},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/firus2005b.pdf},
volume = {141},
year = {2005}
}
@inproceedings{firus2005a,
abstract = {Die Architektur eines Software-Systems beeinflusst ma{\ss}geblich seine Qualit \"{a}tseigenschaften wie Performanz oder Zuverl\"{a}ssigkeit. Daher sind Architektur\"{a}nderungen oft die einzige M\"{o}glichkeit, M\"{a}ngel bei diesen Qualit\"{a}tseigenschaften zu beheben. Je spa�ter diese A� nderungen an der Architektur wa�hrend des Software-Entwicklungsprozesses vorgenommen werden, desto teurer und riskanter sind sie. Aus diesem Grund ist eine fr\"{u}hzeitige Analyse verschiedener Architektur-Entwurfsalternativen bez \"{u}glich ihrer Auswirkungen auf Qualit\"{a}tseigenschaften vorteilhaft. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Evaluation dreier verschiedener Performanz-Vorhersageverfahren f\"{u}r Software-Architekturen hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung, korrekte Empfehlungen f\"{u}r fr\"{u}hzeitige Entwurfsentscheidungen zu geben. Zus\"{a}tzlich sollen diese Vorhersageverfahren pr\"{u}fen, ob extern vorgegebene Performanz-Anforderungen realisierbar sind. Die Performanz-Vorhersageverfahren � SPE�, � Capacity Planning� und � umlPSI� wurden empirisch durch 31 Teilnehmer untersucht, die eine Menge vorgegebener Alternativen beim Entwurf der Architektur eines Webservers zu bewerten hatten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Entwurfsalternativen mit allen Verfahren richtig bewertet wurden, sofern deutliche Auswirkungen auf die Performanz vorhanden waren. Ohne den Einsatz der Performanz-Vorhersageverfahren wurden h\"{a}ufiger weniger performante Entwurfsalternativen vorgeschlagen. Dar\"{u}ber hinaus konnte das Verfahren Capacity Planning die absoluten Werte bei den meisten Entwurfsalternativen relativ genau vorhersagen.},
author = {Firus, Viktoria and Koziolek, Heiko and Becker, Steffen and Reussner, Ralf H. and Hasselbring, Wilhelm},
booktitle = {Software Engineering 2005 Proceedings - Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik},
editor = {Liggesmeyer, Peter and Pohl, Klaus and Goedicke, Michael},
isbn = {3-88579-393-8},
pages = {55--66},
series = {GI-Edition Lecture Notes in Informatics},
title = {{E}mpirische {B}ewertung von {P}erformanz-{V}orhersageverfahren f{\"u}r {S}oftware-{A}rchitekturen},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/firus2005a.pdf},
volume = {64},
year = {2005}
}
@inproceedings{frank2019a,
author = {Frank, Markus and Becker, Steffen and Kaplan, Angelika and Koziolek, Anne},
title = {Performance-influencing Factors for Parallel and Algorithmic Problems in Multicore Environments: Work-In-Progress Paper},
booktitle = {Companion of the 2019 ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering},
series = {ICPE '19},
year = {2019},
isbn = {978-1-4503-6286-3},
location = {Mumbai, India},
pages = {21--24},
numpages = {4},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3302541.3313099},
doi = {10.1145/3302541.3313099},
acmid = {3313099},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
keywords = {multicore, parallel algorithms, performance prediction, performance-influencing factors, software performance engineering},
pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/frank2019a.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{goldschmidt2012a,
author = {Goldschmidt, Thomas and Becker, Steffen and Burger, Erik},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Modellierung 2012},
editor = {Sinz, Elmar J. and Sch\"{u}rr, Andy},
location = {Bamberg},
month = {March},
pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/goldschmidt2012a.pdf},
series = {GI-Edition -- Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)},
title = {Towards a Tool-Oriented Taxonomy of View-Based Modelling},
volume = {P-201},
year = {2012},
pages = {59--74},
publisher = {Gesellschaft f\"{u}r Informatik e.V.\ (GI)},
address = {Bonn, Germany},
location = {Bamberg},
isbn = {978-3-88579-295-6},
issn = {1617-5468}
}
@inproceedings{goldschmidt2010a,
abstract = {Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) aims at improving the development of complex computer systems. Within this context textual concrete syntaxes for models are beneficial for many reasons. They foster usability and productivity because of their fast editing style, their usage of error markers, autocompletion and quick fixes. Several frameworks and tools from different communities for creating concrete textual syntaxes for models emerged during recent years. However, there are still cases where no solution has been published yet. Open issues are incremental parsing and model updating as well as partial and federated views. On the other hand incremental parsing and the handling of abstract syntaxes as leading entities has been investigated within the compiler construction communities many years ago. In this paper we present an approach for concrete textual syntaxes that makes use of incremental parsing and transformation techniques. Thus, we circumvent problems that occur when dealing with concrete textual syntaxes in a UUID based environment including multiple partial and federated views. We validated our approach using a proof of concept implementation including a case study.},
author = {Goldschmidt, Thomas and Becker, Steffen and Uhl, Axel},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (ICECCS 2010) - Poster Paper},
publisher = {IEEE},
timestamp = {2010.01.08},
title = {{Incremental Updates for Textual Modeling of Large Scale Models}},
year = {2010}
}
@inproceedings{goldschmidt2009a,
abstract = {Textual concrete syntaxes for models are beneficial for many reasons. They foster usability and productivity because of their fast editing style, their usage of error markers, autocompletion and quick fixes. Several frameworks and tools from different communities for creating concrete textual syntaxes for models emerged during recent years. However, these approaches failed to provide a solution in general. Open issues are incremental parsing and model updating as well as partial and federated views. Building views on abstract models is one of the key concepts of model-driven engineering. Different views help to present concepts behind a model in a way that they can be understood and edited by different stakeholders or developers in different roles. Within graphical modelling several approaches exist allowing the definition of explicit holistic, partial or combined graphical views for models. On the other hand several frameworks that provide textual editing support for models have been presented over recent years. However, the combination of both principals, meaning textual, editable and decorating views is lacking in all of these approaches. In this presentation, we show FURCAS (Framework for UUID Retaining Concrete to Abstract Syntax Mappings), a textual decorator approach that allows to separately store and manage the textual concrete syntax from the actual abstract model elements. Thereby we allow to define textual views on models that may be partial and/or overlapping concerning other (graphical and/or textual) views.},
author = {Goldschmidt, Thomas and Becker, Steffen and Uhl, Axel},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Model Driven Architecture - Foundations and Applications (ECMDA 2009) - Tools and Consultancy Track},
publisher = {CTIT},
timestamp = {2008.04.28},
title = {{FURCAS: Framework for UUID-Retaining Concrete to Abstract Syntax Mappings}},
year = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{goldschmidt2009b,
abstract = {Building views on abstract models is one of the key concepts of model-driven engineering. Different views help to present concepts behind a model in a way that they can be understood and edited by different stakeholders or developers in different roles. Within graphical modelling several approaches exist allowing the definition of explicit holistic, partial or combined graphical views for models. On the other hand several frameworks that provide textual editing support for models have been presented over recent years. However, the combination of both principals, meaning textual, editable and decorating views is lacking in all of these approaches. In this paper, we introduce a textual decorator approach that allows to separately store and manage the textual concrete syntax from the actual abstract model elements. Thereby we allow to define textual views on models that may be partial and/or overlapping concerning other (graphical and/or textual) views.},
author = {Goldschmidt, Thomas and Becker, Steffen and Uhl, Axel},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 35th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)},
publisher = {IEEE},
timestamp = {2009.04.28},
title = {Textual Views in Model Driven Engineering},
year = {2009}
}
@inproceedings{goldschmidt2008b,
abstract = {Textual concrete syntaxes for models are beneficial for many reasons. They foster usability and productivity because of their fast editing style, their usage of error markers, autocompletion and quick fixes. Furthermore, they can easily be integrated into existing tools such as diff/merge or information interchange through e-mail, wikis or blogs. Several frameworks and tools from different communities for creating concrete textual syntaxes for models emerged during recent years. However, these approaches failed to provide a solution in general. Open issues are incremental parsing and model updating as well as partial and federated views. To determine the capabilities of existing approaches, we provide a classification schema, apply it to these approaches, and identify their deficiencies.},
author = {Goldschmidt, Thomas and Becker, Steffen and Uhl, Axel},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Model Driven Architecture - Foundations and Applications},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-69100-6\_12},
pages = {169--184},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
title = {{C}lassification of {C}oncrete {T}extual {S}yntax {M}apping {A}pproaches},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/goldschmidt2008b.pdf},
volume = {5059},
year = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{happe2008a,
abstract = {Details about the underlying Message-oriented Middleware (MOM) are essential for accurate performance predictions of software systems using message-based communication. The MOM's configuration and usage strongly influence its throughput, resource utilisation and timing behaviour. Prediction models need to reflect these effects and allow software architects to evaluate the performance influence of MOM configured for their needs. Performance completions [31, 32] provide the general concept to include low-level details of execution environments in abstract performance models. In this paper, we extend the Palladio Component Model (PCM) [4] by a performance completion for Message-oriented Middleware. With our extension to the model, software architects can specify and configure message-based communication using a language based on messaging patterns. For performance evaluation, a model-to-model transformation integrates the low-level details of a MOM into the high-level software architecture model. A case study based on the SPECjms2007 Benchmark [1] predicts the performance of message-based communication with an error less than 20 percent.},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
author = {Jens Happe and Holger Friedrich and Steffen Becker and Ralf H. Reussner},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Software and Performance (WOSP '08)},
isbn = {978-1-59593-873-2},
location = {Princeton, NJ, USA},
pages = {165--176},
publisher = {ACM},
title = {{A} {P}attern-{B}ased {P}erformance {C}ompletion for {M}essage-{O}riented {M}iddleware},
year = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{HPB12,
author = {C. Heinzemann AND C. Priesterjahn AND S. Becker},
booktitle = {15th ACM SigSoft International Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE 2012)},
title = {Towards Modeling Reconfiguration in Hierarchical Component Architectures},
year = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{HuBeRaScRe2010-ICSE-PerfMod,
abstract = {In software engineering, performance and the integration of performance analysis methodologies gain increasing importance, especially for complex systems. Well-developed methods and tools can predict non-functional performance properties like response time or resource utilization in early design stages, thus promising time and cost savings. However, as performance modeling and performance prediction is still a young research area, the methods are not yet well-established and in wide-spread industrial use. This work is a case study of the applicability of the Palladio Component Model as a performance prediction method in an industrial environment. We model and analyze different design alternatives for storage virtualization on an IBM (Trademark of IBM in USA and/or other countries) system. The model calibration, validation and evaluation is based on data measured on a System z9 (Trademark of IBM in USA and/or other countries) as a proof of concept. The results show that performance predictions can identify performance bottlenecks and evaluate design alternatives in early stages of system development. The experiences gained were that performance modeling helps to understand and analyze a system. Hence, this case study substantiates that performance modeling is applicable in industry and a valuable method for evaluating design decisions.},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
author = {Nikolaus Huber and Steffen Becker and Christoph Rathfelder and Jochen Schweflinghaus and Ralf Reussner},
booktitle = {ACM/IEEE 32nd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2010), Software Engineering in Practice Track},
day = {2--8},
doi = {10.1145/1810295.1810297},
isbn = {978-1-60558-719-6},
location = {Cape Town, South Africa},
month = {May},
note = {Acceptance Rate (Full Paper): 23\% (16/71)},
pages = {1--10},
pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/hubern2010.pdf},
publisher = {ACM},
slides = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/hubern2010_slides.pdf},
title = {{Performance Modeling in Industry: A Case Study on Storage Virtualization}},
year = {2010}
}
@inproceedings{kapova2010a,
abstract = {Model-driven performance prediction methods require detailed design models to evaluate the performance of software systems during early development stages. However, the complexity of detailed prediction models and the semantic gap between modelled performance concerns and functional concerns prevents many developers to address performance. As a solution to this problem, systematic model refinements, called completions, hide low-level details from developers. Completions automatically integrate performance-relevant details into component-based architectures using model-to-model transformations. In such scenarios, conflicts between different completions are likely. Therefore, the application order of completions must be determined unambiguously in order to reduce such conflicts. Many existing approaches employ the concept of performance completions to include performance-relevant details to the prediction model. So far researcher only address the application of a single completion on an architectural model. The reduction of conflicting completions have not yet been considered. In this paper, we present a systematic approach to reduce and avoid conflicts between completions that are applied to the same model. The method presented in this paper is essential for the automated integration of completions in software performance engineering. Furthermore, we apply our approach to reduce conflicts of a set of completions based on design patterns for concurrent software systems.},
author = {Kapova, Lucia and Becker, Steffen},
booktitle = {7th International Workshop on Formal Engineering approaches to Software Components and Architectures (FESCA)},
editors = {Barbora Zimmerova and Jens Happe},
publisher = {Elsevier},
series = {Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science},
title = {Systematic Refinement of Performance Models for Concurrent Component-based Systems},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/kapova2010a.pdf},
year = {2010}
}
@inproceedings{kapova2010b,
abstract = {Using model-to-model transformations to generate analysis models or code from architecture models is sought to promote compliance and reuse of components. The maintainability of transformations is influenced by various characteristics - as with every programming language artifact. Code metrics are often used to estimate code maintainability. However, most of the established metrics do not apply to declarative transformation languages (such as QVT Relations) since they focus on imperative (e.g. object-oriented) coding styles. One way to characterize the maintainability of programs are code metrics. However, the vast majority of these metrics focus on imperative (e.g., object-oriented) coding styles and thus cannot be reused as-is for transformations written in declarative languages. In this paper we propose an initial set of quality metrics to evaluate transformations written in the declarative QVT Relations language.We apply the presented set of metrics to several reference transformations to demonstrate how to judge transformation maintainability based on our metrics.},
author = {Lucia Kapova and Thomas Goldschmidt and Steffen Becker and Joerg Henss},
booktitle = {{Research into Practice - Reality and Gaps (Proceeding of QoSA 2010)}},
editor = {George Heineman and Jan Kofron and Frantisek Plasil},
pages = {151-166},
pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/kapova2010b.pdf},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {LNCS},
title = {{Evaluating Maintainability with Code Metrics for Model-to-Model Transformations}},
volume = {6093},
year = {2010}
}
@inproceedings{koziolek2005a,
abstract = {Current Quality-of-Service (QoS) predictions methods for component-based software systems disregard the influence of the operational profile for anticipating an architecture�s performance, reliability, security or safety. The operational profile captures the set of inputs and outputs to a software components. We argue, that a detailed operational profile especially for software components is necessary for accurate QoS-predictions and that a standardised form of it is needed. We demonstrate that components act as transformers to an operational profile and discuss that this transformation has to be described, so that QoS prediction methods are able to deliver appropriate results for component-based architectures.},
author = {Koziolek, Heiko and Becker, Steffen},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on Component Oriented Programming (WCOP2005), Glasgow, UK},
editor = {Reussner, Ralf H. and Szyperski, Clemens and Weck, Wolfgang},
month = {July},
title = {{T}ransforming {O}perational {P}rofiles of {S}oftware {C}omponents for {Q}uality of {S}ervice {P}redictions},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/koziolek2005a.pdf},
year = {2005}
}
@inproceedings{koziolek2007b,
abstract = {Performance predictions aim at increasing the quality of software architectures during design time. To enable such predictions, specifications of the performance properties of individual components within the architecture are required. However, the response times of a component might depend on its configuration in a specific setting and the data send to or retrieved from it. Many existing prediction approaches for component-based systems neglect these influences. This paper introduces extensions to a performance specification language for components, the Palladio Component Model, to model these influences. The model enables to predict response times of different architectural alternatives. A case study on a component-based architecture for a web portal validates the approach and shows that it is capable of supporting a design decision in this scenario.},
author = {Koziolek, Heiko and Becker, Steffen and Happe, Jens},
booktitle = {Proc. 3rd International Conference on the Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA'07)},
month = {July},
pages = {145--163},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
title = {{P}redicting the {P}erformance of {C}omponent-based {S}oftware {A}rchitectures with different {U}sage {P}rofiles},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/koziolek2007b.pdf},
volume = {4880},
year = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{koziolek2007a,
author = {Heiko Koziolek and Steffen Becker and Jens Happe and Ralf Reussner},
booktitle = {{M}odel-{D}riven {S}oftware {D}evelopment: {I}ntegrating {Q}uality {A}ssurance},
editor = {J{\"o}rg Rech and Christian Bunse},
month = {December},
pages = {95-118},
publisher = {IDEA Group Inc.},
title = {Evaluating Performance of Software Architecture Models with the Palladio Component Model},
year = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{koziolek2008d,
abstract = {Current software component models insufficiently reflect the different stages of component life-cycle, which involves design, implementation, deployment, and runtime. Therefore, reasoning techniques for component-based models (e.g., protocol checking, QoS predictions, etc.) are often limited to a particular life-cycle stage. We propose modelling software components in different design stages, after implemenatation, and during deployment. Abstract models for newly designed components can be combined with refined models for already implemented components. As a proof-of-concept, we have implemented the new modelling techniques as part of our Palladio Component Model (PCM).},
address = {Universit{\"a}t Karlsruhe (TH), Karlsruhe, Germany},
author = {Heiko Koziolek and Steffen Becker and Jens Happe and Ralf Reussner},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE)},
month = {October},
pages = {278-285},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
title = {{L}ife-{C}ycle {A}ware {M}odelling of {S}oftware {C}omponents},
year = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{koziolek2006f,
abstract = {Performance predictions based on design documents aim at improving the quality of software architectures. In component-based architectures, it is difficult to specify the performance of individual components, because it depends on the deployment context of a component, which may be unknown to its developers. The way components are used influences the perceived performance, but most performance prediction approaches neglect this influence. In this paper, we present a specification notation based on annotated UML diagrams to explicitly model the influence of parameters on the performance of a software component. The UML specifications are transformed into a stochastical model that allows the prediction of response times as distribution functions. Furthermore, we report on a case study performed on an online store. The results indicate that more accurate predictions could be obtained with the newly introduced specification and that the method was able to support a design decision on the architectural level in our scenario.},
author = {Koziolek, Heiko and Happe, Jens and Becker, Steffen},
booktitle = {Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on the Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA'06)},
editor = {Hofmeister, Christine and Crnkovic, Ivica and Reussner, Ralf H. and Becker, Steffen},
month = {July},
pages = {163--179},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
title = {{P}arameter {D}ependent {P}erformance {S}pecification of {S}oftware {C}omponents},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/koziolek2006f.pdf},
volume = {4214},
year = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{koziolek2011a,
abstract = {Systematic decision support for architectural design decisions is a major concern for software architects of evolving service-oriented systems. In practice, architects often analyse the expected performance and reliability of design alternatives based on prototypes or former experience. Modeldriven prediction methods claim to uncover the tradeoffs between different alternatives quantitatively while being more cost-effective and less error-prone. However, they often suffer from weak tool support and focus on single quality attributes. Furthermore, there is limited evidence on their effectiveness based on documented industrial case studies. Thus, we have applied a novel, model-driven prediction method called Q-ImPrESS on a large-scale process control system consisting of several million lines of code from the automation domain to evaluate its evolution scenarios. This paper reports our experiences with the method and lessons learned. Benefits of Q-ImPrESS are the good architectural decision support and comprehensive tool framework, while one drawback is the time-consuming data collection.},
acmid = {1985902},
author = {Heiko Koziolek and Bastian Schlich and Carlos Bilich and Roland Weiss and Steffen Becker and Klaus Krogmann and Mircea Trifu and Raffaela Mirandola and Anne Koziolek},
booktitle = {Proceeding of the 33rd international conference on Software engineering (ICSE 2011), Software Engineering in Practice Track},
doi = {10.1145/1985793.1985902},
editor = {Richard N. Taylor and Harald Gall and Nenad Medvidovic},
isbn = {978-1-4503-0445-0},
keywords = {case study, dtmc, industrial software, lqn, palladio, performance prediction, reliability prediction, reverse engineering, service-oriented software, trade-off analysis},
location = {Waikiki, Honolulu, HI, USA},
note = {Acceptance Rate: 18\% (18/100)},
numpages = {10},
pages = {776--785},
publisher = {ACM, New York, NY, USA},
title = {An Industrial Case Study on Quality Impact Prediction for Evolving Service-Oriented Software},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1985793.1985902},
year = {2011},
pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/koziolek2011a.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{krogmann2007b,
abstract = {The actual benefits of model-driven approaches compared to code-centric development have not been systematically investigated. This paper presents a case study in which functional identical software was once developed in a code-centric, conventional style and once using Eclipse-based model-driven development tools. In our specific case, the model-driven approach could be carried in 11% of the time of the conventional approach, while simultaneously improving code quality.},
author = {Krogmann, Klaus and Becker, Steffen},
booktitle = {Software Engineering 2007 - Beitr{\"a}ge zu den Workshops},
editor = {Bleek, Wolf-Gideon and Schwentner, Henning and Z{\"u}llighoven, Heinz},
month = {March},
day = {27},
pages = {169--176},
publisher = {Series of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik (GI)},
series = {Lecture Notes in Informatics},
title = {{A} {C}ase {S}tudy on {M}odel-{D}riven and {C}onventional {S}oftware {D}evelopment: {T}he {P}alladio {E}ditor},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/krogmann2007b.pdf},
volume = {106},
year = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{kuperberg2007a,
abstract = {Performance prediction of component-based software systems is needed for systematic evaluation of design decisions, but also when an application�s execution system is changed. Often, the entire application cannot be benchmarked in advance on its new execution system due to high costs or because some required services cannot be provided there. In this case, performance of bytecode instructions or other atomic building blocks of components can be used for performance prediction. However, the performance of bytecode instructions depends not only on the execution system they use, but also on their parameters, which are not considered by most existing research. In this paper, we demonstrate that parameters cannot be ignored when considering Java bytecode. Consequently, we outline a suitable benchmarking approach and the accompanying challenges.},
author = {Michael Kuperberg and Steffen Becker},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Component Oriented Programming (WCOP 2007)},
editor = {Ralf Reussner and Clemens Czyperski and Wolfgang Weck},
month = {July},
title = {{P}redicting {S}oftware {C}omponent {P}erformance: {O}n the {R}elevance of {P}arameters for {B}enchmarking {B}ytecode and {API}s},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/kuperberg2007a.pdf},
year = {2007}
}
@inproceedings{lehrig2015a,
author = {Lehrig, Sebastian and Becker, Steffen},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Future of Software Architecture Design Assistants},
organization = {ACM},
pages = {19--24},
title = {Software Architecture Design Assistants Need Controlled Efficiency Experiments: Lessons Learned from a Survey},
year = {2015}
}
@inproceedings{lehrig2015b,
author = {Lehrig, Sebastian and Eikerling, Hendrik and Becker, Steffen},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGSOFT Conference on Quality of Software Architectures},
organization = {ACM},
pages = {83--92},
title = {Scalability, Elasticity, and Efficiency in Cloud Computing: a Systematic Literature Review of Definitions and Metrics},
year = {2015}
}
@inproceedings{lehrig2015c,
author = {Lehrig, Sebastian and Becker, Steffen},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2015 Workshop on Challenges in Performance Methods for Software Development},
organization = {ACM},
pages = {29--34},
title = {Beyond Simulation: Composing Scalability, Elasticity, and Efficiency Analyses from Preexisting Analysis Results},
year = {2015}
}
@inproceedings{lehrig2015d,
author = {Lehrig, Sebastian and Becker, Steffen},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering},
organization = {ACM},
pages = {329--331},
title = {The CloudScale Method for Software Scalability, Elasticity, and Efficiency Engineering: a Tutorial},
year = {2015}
}
@inproceedings{dziwok2014a,
author = {Dziwok, Stefan and Gerking, Christopher and Becker, Steffen and Thiele, Sebastian and Heinzemann, Christian and Pohlmann, Uwe},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering},
organization = {ACM},
pages = {715--718},
title = {A tool suite for the model-driven software engineering of cyber-physical systems},
year = {2014}
}
@incollection{becker2014b,
author = {Becker, Matthias and Platenius, Marie Christin and Becker, Steffen},
booktitle = {Advances in Service-Oriented and Cloud Computing},
pages = {153--159},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
title = {Cloud Computing Reduces Uncertainties in Quality-of-Service Matching!},
year = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{martens2008b,
abstract = {Component-based software performance engineering (CBSPE) methods shall enable software architects to assess the expected response times, throughputs, and resource utilization of their systems already during design. This avoids the violation of performance requirements. Existing approaches for CBSPE either lack tool support or rely on prototypical tools, who have only been applied by their authors. Therefore, industrial applicability of these methods is unknown. On this behalf, we have conducted a controlled experiment involving 19 computer science students, who analysed the performance of two component-based designs using our Palladio performance prediction approach, as an example for a CBSPE method. Our study is the first of its type in this area and shall help to mature CBSPE to industrial applicability. In this paper, we report on results concerning the prediction accuracy achieved by the students and list several lessons learned, which are also relevant for other methods than Palladio.},
author = {Anne Martens and Steffen Becker and Heiko Koziolek and Ralf Reussner},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th European Performance Engineering Workshop (EPEW'08), Palma de Mallorca, Spain},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-87891-9_2},
editor = {N. Thomas and C. Juiz},
pages = {17--31},
pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/martens2008b.pdf},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
title = {An Empirical Investigation of the Applicability of a Component-Based Performance Prediction Method},
volume = {5261},
year = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{martens2008a,
abstract = {Model-based performance prediction methods aim at evaluating the expected response time, throughput, and resource utilisation of a software system at design time, before implementation. Existing performance prediction methods use monolithic, throw-away prediction models or component-based, reusable prediction models. While it is intuitively clear that the development of reusable models requires more effort, the actual higher amount of effort has not been quantified or analysed systematically yet. To study the effort, we conducted a controlled experiment with 19 computer science students who predicted the performance of two example systems applying an established, monolithic method (Software Performance Engineering) as well as our own component-based method (Palladio). The results show that the effort of model creation with Palladio is approximately 1.25 times higher than with SPE in our experimental setting, with the resulting models having comparable prediction accuracy. Therefore, in some cases, the creation of reusable prediction models can already be justified, if they are reused at least once.},
author = {Anne Martens and Steffen Becker and Heiko Koziolek and Ralf Reussner},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE'08), Karlsruhe, Germany},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-87412-6_3},
editors = {M.R.V. Chaudron and C. Szyperski},
pages = {16--31},
pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/martens2008a.pdf},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
title = {An Empirical Investigation of the Effort of Creating Reusable Models for Performance Prediction},
volume = {5282},
year = {2008}
}
@inproceedings{martens2010a,
abstract = {Quantitative prediction of quality properties (i.e. extra-functional properties such as performance, reliability, and cost) of software architectures during design supports a systematic software engineering approach. Designing architectures that exhibit a good trade-off between multiple quality criteria is hard, because even after a functional design has been created, many remaining degrees of freedom in the software architecture span a large, discontinuous design space. In current practice, software architects try to find solutions manually, which is time-consuming, can be error-prone and can lead to suboptimal designs. We propose an automated approach to search the design space for good solutions. Starting with a given initial architectural model, the approach iteratively modifies and evaluates architectural models. Our approach applies a multi-criteria genetic algorithm to software architectures modelled with the Palladio Component Model. It supports quantitative performance, reliability, and cost prediction and can be extended to other quantitative quality criteria of software architectures. We validate the applicability of our approach by applying it to an architecture model of a component-based business information system and analyse its quality criteria trade-offs by automatically investigating more than 1200 alternative design candidates.},
author = {Anne Martens and Heiko Koziolek and Steffen Becker and Ralf H. Reussner},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the first joint WOSP/SIPEW international conference on Performance engineering},
doi = {10.1145/1712605.1712624},
editor = {Alan Adamson and Andre B. Bondi and Carlos Juiz and Mark S. Squillante},
isbn = {978-1-60558-563-5},
location = {San Jose, California, USA},
pages = {105--116},
pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/martens2010a.pdf},
publisher = {ACM, New York, NY, USA},
series = {WOSP/SIPEW '10},
slides = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/martens2010a_slides.ppsx},
title = {Automatically Improve Software Models for Performance, Reliability and Cost Using Genetic Algorithms},
url = {http://www.inf.pucrs.br/wosp},
year = {2010}
}
@inproceedings{platenius2012a,
author = {M. Platenius AND M. von Detten AND S. Becker},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR)},
month = {March},
title = {{A}rchimetrix: {I}mproved {S}oftware {A}rchitecture {R}ecovery in the {P}resence of {D}esign {D}eficiencies},
year = {2012}
}
@inproceedings{reussner2004f,
abstract = {We discuss compositionality in terms of (a) component interoperability and contractual use of components, (b) component adaptation and (c) prediction of properties of composite components. In particular, we present parametric component contracts as a framework treating the above mentioned facets of compositionality in a unified way. Parametric contracts compute component interfaces in dependency of context properties, such as available external services or the profile how the component will be used by its clients. Under well-specified conditions, parametric contracts yield interfaces offering interoperability to the component context (as they are component-specifically generated). Therefore, parametric contracts can be considered as adaptation mechanism, adapting a components provides- or requires-interface depending on connected components. If non-functional properties are specified in a component provides interface, parametric contracts compute these nonfunctional properties in dependency of the environment.},
author = {Reussner, Ralf H. and Becker, Steffen and Firus, Viktoria},
booktitle = {Tagungsband der Net.ObjectDays 2004},
month = {September},
pages = {155--169},
title = {{C}omponent {C}omposition with {P}arametric {C}ontracts},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/reussner2004f.pdf},
year = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{reussner2004a,
abstract = {The performance of a software component heavily depends on the environment of the component. As a software component only justifies its investment when deployed in several environments, one can not specify the performance of a component as a constant (e.g., as a single value or distribution of values in its interface). Hence, classical component contracts allowing to state the component�s performance as a post-condition, if the environment realises a specific performance stated in the precondition, do not help. This fixed pair of pre- and postcondition do not model that a component can have very different performance figures depending on its context. Instead of that, parametric contracts are needed for specifying the environmental dependency of the component�s provided performance. In this paper we discuss the specification of such dependencies for the performance metric response time. We model the statistical distribution of response time in dependency of the distribution of response times of environmental services.},
author = {Reussner, Ralf H. and Firus, Viktoria and Becker, Steffen},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Component-Oriented Programming (WCOP 04)},
editor = {Weck, Wolfgang and Bosch, Jan and Szyperski, Clemens},
title = {{P}arametric {P}erformance {C}ontracts for {S}oftware {C}omponents and their {C}ompositionality},
url = {http://sdqweb.ipd.uka.de/publications/pdfs/reussner2004a.pdf},
year = {2004}
}
@inproceedings{streekmann2006b,
abstract = {In order to put component based software engineering into practice we have to consider the eect of software component adaptation. Adaptation is used in existing systems to bridge interoperability problems between bound interfaces, e.g., to integrate existing legacy systems into new software architectures. In CBSE, one of the aims is to predict the properties of the assembled system from its basic parts. Adaptation is a special case of composition and can be treated consequently in a special way. The precision of the prediction methods can be increased by exploiting additional knowledge about the adapter. This work motivates the use of adapter generators which simultaneously produce prediction models.},
author = {Streekmann, Niels and Becker, Steffen},
booktitle = {Short Paper Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA2006), V{\"a}ster{\aa}s, Sweden, June 27 - 29, 2006, TR 2006-10, University of Karlsruhe (TH)},
editor = {Hofmeister, Christine and Crnkovic, Ivica and Reussner, Ralf H. and Becker, Steffen},
title = {{A} {C}ase {S}tudy for {U}sing {G}enerator {C}onfiguration to {S}upport {P}erformance {P}rediction of {S}oftware {C}omponent {A}daptation},
year = {2006}
}
@inproceedings{TDB11,
author = {Oleg Travkin AND Markus von Detten AND Steffen Becker},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop of the GI Working Group L2S2 - Design for Future 2011},
title = {Towards the Combination of Clustering-based and Pattern-based Reverse Engineering Approaches},
year = {2011}
}
@inproceedings{wohlrab2014a,
abstract = {To meet end-user performance expectations, precise performance requirements are needed during development and testing, e.g., to conduct detailed performance and load tests. However, in practice, several factors complicate performance requirements elicitation: lacking skills in performance requirements engineering, outdated or unavailable functional specifications and architecture models, the specification of the system's context, lack of experience to collect good performance requirements in an industrial setting with very limited time, etc. From the small set of available non-functional requirements engineering methods, no method exists that alone leads to precise and complete performance requirements with feasible effort and which has been reported to work in an industrial setting. In this paper, we present our experiences in combining existing requirements engineering methods into a performance requirements method called PROPRE. It has been designed to require no up-to-date system documentation and to be applicable with limited time and effort. We have successfully applied PROPRE in an industrial case study from the process automation domain. Our lessons learned show that the stakeholders gathered good performance requirements which now improve performance testing.},
author = {Rebekka Wohlrab and Thijmen de Gooijer and Anne Koziolek and Steffen Becker},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE)},
doi = {10.1109/RE.2014.6912285},
keywords = {formal specification;program testing;software architecture;PROPRE;RE methods;architecture models;end-user performance expectations;functional specifications;industrial setting;nonfunctional requirements engineering methods;performance requirements elicitation;performance requirements engineering;performance testing;process automation domain;software development;system context specification;Adaptation models;Context;Documentation;Measurement;Testing;Throughput;Time factors},
month = {August},
pages = {344--353},
pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/wohlrab2014a.pdf},
title = {Experience of Pragmatically Combining {RE} Methods for Performance Requirements in Industry},
year = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{becker2014a,
author = {Matthias Becker AND Steffen Becker AND Galina Besova AND Sven Walther AND Heike Wehrheim},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 40th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (Work in Progress Session)},
note = {to appear},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {Towards Systematic Configuration for Architecture Validation},
year = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{APG+14,
author = {Svetlana Arifulina AND Marie Christin Platenius AND Christian Gerth AND Steffen Becker AND Gregor Engels AND Wilhelm Schaefer},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Service Oriented Computing (ICSOC 2014)},
journal = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Service Oriented Computing (ICSOC 2014)},
note = {to appear},
title = {Market-optimized Service Specification and Matching},
year = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{PBS14,
author = {Marie Christin Platenius AND Steffen Becker AND Wilhelm Schaefer},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA 2014)},
journal = {Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA 2014)},
title = {Integrating Service Matchers into a Service Market Architecture},
year = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{BPB14,
author = {Matthias Becker AND Marie Christin Platenius AND Steffen Becker},
booktitle = {Proceedings to the 2nd International Workshop on Cloud Service Brokerage (CSB 2014)},
note = {to appear},
title = {Cloud Computing Reduces Uncertainties in Quality-of-Service Matching!},
year = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{hniid_8025,
author = {Becker, Steffen and Dziwok, Stefan and Gerking, Christopher and Heinzemann, Christian and Sch\"{a}fer, Wilhelm and Meyer, Matthias and Pohlmann, Uwe},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Software Engineering (Posters)},
month = {May},
note = {accepted},
publisher = {ACM, New York, NY, USA},
title = {The MechatronicUML Method: Model-Driven Software Engineering of Self-Adaptive Mechatronic Systems},
year = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{DGB+14,
author = {Dziwok, Stefan and Gerking, Christopher and Becker, Steffen and Thiele, Sebastian and Heinzemann, Christian and Pohlmann, Uwe},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE)},
month = {November},
day = {16--22},
note = {Accepted},
title = {A Tool Suite for the Model-Driven Software Engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems},
year = {2014}
}
@inproceedings{DGB14,
author = {Dziwok, Stefan and Goschin, Sebastian and Becker, Steffen},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering for Component-Based Software Systems (ModComp) 2014},
month = {September},
pages = {16--25},
publisher = {ACM/IEEE},
title = {Specifying Intra-Component Dependencies for Synthesizing Component Behaviors},
year = {2014}
}
@incollection{herbst2017metrics,
title = {Metrics and Benchmarks for Self-aware Computing Systems},
author = {Herbst, Nikolas and Becker, Steffen and Kounev, Samuel and Koziolek, Heiko and Maggio, Martina and Milenkoski, Aleksandar and Smirni, Evgenia},
booktitle = {Self-Aware Computing Systems},
pages = {437--464},
year = {2017},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing}
}
@inproceedings{spalazzese2017message,
title = {Message from the IoT-ASAP Chairs},
author = {Spalazzese, Romina and Platenius, Marie C and Becker, Steffen and Engels, Gregor and Persson, Per},
booktitle = {Software Architecture Workshops (ICSAW), 2017 IEEE International Conference on},
pages = {70--71},
year = {2017},
organization = {IEEE}
}
@inproceedings{kounev2016analysis,
title = {Analysis of the trade-offs in different modeling approaches for performance prediction of software systems.},
author = {Kounev, Samuel and Brosig, Fabian and Meier, Philipp and Becker, Steffen and Koziolek, Anne and Koziolek, Heiko and Rygielski, Piotr},
booktitle = {Software Engineering},
pages = {47--48},
year = {2016}
}
@inproceedings{lehrig2016using,
title = {Using performance models for planning the redeployment to infrastructure-as-a-service environments: a case study},
author = {Lehrig, Sebastian and Becker, Steffen},
booktitle = {Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA), 2016 12th International ACM SIGSOFT Conference on},
pages = {11--20},
year = {2016},
organization = {IEEE}
}
@inproceedings{heinrich2018icse,
author = {Heinrich, Robert and Werle, Dominik and Klare, Heiko and Reussner, Ralf and Kramer, Max and Becker, Steffen and Happe, Jens and Koziolek, Heiko and Krogmann, Klaus},
title = {The Palladio-Bench for Modeling and Simulating Software Architectures},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceeedings (ICSE 2018)},
year = {2018},
isbn = {978-1-4503-5663-3},
location = {Gothenburg, Sweden},
pages = {37--40},
numpages = {4},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3183440.3183474},
doi = {10.1145/3183440.3183474},
acmid = {3183474},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
pdf = {http://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/publications/pdfs/heinrich2018icse.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{heinrich2019ecase,
author = {Heinrich, Robert and Koziolek, Anne and Reussner, Ralf and Becker, Steffen},
title = {Infrastructure for Modeling and Analyzing the Quality of Software Architectures},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2Nd International Workshop on Establishing a Community-Wide Infrastructure for Architecture-Based Software Engineering},
series = {ECASE '19},
year = {2019},
location = {Montreal, Quebec, Canada},
pages = {2--5},
numpages = {4},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8815608},
doi = {10.1109/ECASE.2019.00009},
acmid = {3338785},
publisher = {IEEE Press},
address = {Piscataway, NJ, USA}
}